The application of improved block-matching method and block search method for the image motion estimation

Image block matching is one of the motion estimation methods for video inter-frame coding and digital image stabilization. The methods used for matching and searching will greatly affect the accuracy and speed of block matching. The block matching method based on the oblique vectors is suggested in this paper where matching parameters contain both horizontal and vertical vectors in the image blocks at the same time. Improved matching information can be obtained after making correlative calculations in the oblique direction. A novel search method of matching block based on the idea of simulated annealing is presented in this paper to improve the searching speed, accuracy and robustness in the fast operation of the block-matching motion estimation. The simulated annealing algorithm can easily escape from the trap of local minima effectively. With the two methods the block matching can be used for motion estimation at the real-time image processing system and high estimation accuracy can be achieved. An image stabilization system based on DSP (Digital Signal Processing) system is developed to verify this algorithm. Results show that both the matching accuracy and the search speed are improved with the methods presented.     

Statistical properties of polarization mode dispersion

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the effects which limit bit rates in optical communications systems. The statistics of PMD is complicated because it is multi-dimensional, however, many useful results have been obtained. Much work has been done, but the subject is not yet closed, as witnessed by the existence of this conference. In this talk I will review the way some statistical equations are treated. I will briefly discuss the methods of Ito and Lax, and their application to the PMD problem.     

一种红外偏振图像的二次融合方法

根据红外偏振特性图像的冗余性与互补性,提出了一种基于梯度特征和支持度变换的二次融合方法。利用提出的方法先对红外偏振度与偏振角图像进行梯度特征融合,然后利用支持度变换对梯度特征融合图像和合成强度图像进行二次融合,得到了边缘突出、轮廓清晰、对比度高的的融合图像。实验结果表明:融合图像与偏振角图像、偏振度图像、合成强度图像相比局部方差分别提高23.02%、176.9%、148.2%;对比度分别提高67.84%、196.5%、49.39%;平均梯度分别提高46.09%、164.1%、214.5%。     

A fast image encryption method by using chaotic 3D cat maps

An image encryption method using a chaotic 3D cat map is presented in this paper. The process of the proposed algorithm contains the simultaneous operations of pixels’ locations permutation and pixels’ values substitution at every iterative step of the chaotic map, which making the forward and reverse encryption needs only one traverse of the image pixels. Moreover, a perturbation is introduced to eliminate the undesirable finite precision effect of computer in realization. The main advantages of such a secure method are the simplicity and efficiency. Both simulations and analysis show the proposed algorithm can produce a large key space and resist the common existing cipher attacks. These good cryptographic properties make it suitable for image applications.     

Quantum filter for nonlocal polarization properties of photonic qubits

We present an optical filter that transmits photon pairs only if they share the same horizontal or vertical polarization, without decreasing the quantum coherence between these two possibilities. Various applications for entanglement manipulations and multiphoton qubits are discussed.     

Holographic screen to project a 3D image by the method of point-focused aspects

A holographic screen that makes it possible to display 3D images by the method of point-focused aspects (of a scene to be displayed) or by projecting narrow line holograms is suggested and implemented. The image thus formed reconstructs only horizontal parallax, which allows one to cut the body of information necessary for 3D imaging. Projection through the screen and a way of recording the screen are considered.     

3D偏振演示实验

剖析了3D立体效果的形成原理,设计了3D演示实验装置.通过光偏振技术、透镜成像规律以及视觉暂留现象的运用,演示了3D立体效果形成过程.     

3D MR image denoising using rough set and kernel PCA method

In this paper, we have presented a two stage method, using kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and rough set theory (RST), for denoising volumetric MRI data. A rough set theory (RST) based clustering technique has been used for voxel based processing. The method groups similar voxels (3D cubes) using class and edge information derived from noisy input. Each clusters thus formed now represented via basis vector. These vectors now projected into kernel space and PCA is performed in the feature space. This work is motivated by idea that under Rician noise MRI data may be non-linear and kernel mapping will help to define linear separator between these clusters/basis vectors thus used for image denoising. We have further investigated various kernels for Rician noise for different noise levels. The best kernel is then selected on the performance basis over PSNR and structure similarity (SSIM) measures. The work has been compared with state-of-the-art methods under various measures for synthetic and real databases.     

Large deformation measurement scheme for 3D digital image correlation method

Difficulties often arise for digital image correlation (DIC) technique when serious de-correlation occurs between the reference image and the deformed image due to large deformation. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation, however that will introduce accumulated errors. A large deformation measurement scheme, combining improved coarse search method and updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. For a series of deformation images, the correlation calculation begins with a seed point and spreads out. An improved coarse search method is developed to calculate the initial correlation parameters for the seed point, which guarantees that the correlation calculation can be carried out successfully even in large deformation situation. Only for extremely large deformation, the reference image is updated. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. A polymer material tensile test and a foam compression test are used to verify the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that up to 450% tensile deformation and 83% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

The image adaptive method for solder paste 3D measurement system

The extensive application of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) requires various measurement methods to evaluate the circuit board. The solder paste 3D measurement system utilizing laser light projecting on the printed circuit board (PCB) surface is one of the critical methods. The local oversaturation, arising from the non-consistent reflectivity of the PCB surface, will lead to inaccurate measurement. The paper reports a novel optical image adaptive method of remedying the local oversaturation for solder paste measurement. The liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) and image sensor (CCD or CMOS) are combined as the high dynamic range image (HDRI) acquisition system. The significant characteristic of the new method is that the image after adjustment is captured by specially designed HDRI acquisition system programmed by the LCoS mask. The formation of the LCoS mask, depending on a HDRI combined with the image fusion algorithm, is based on separating the laser light from the local oversaturated region. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can significantly improve the accuracy for the solder paste 3D measurement system with local oversaturation.     

Corrosion evaluation by thermal image processing and 3D modelling

Quantitative transient IR thermography has been applied to the characterization of hidden corrosion in metals. A dedicated 3D numerical model of heat transfer has been used to solve the direct thermal problem and to simulate the test. Theoretical modelling allows the verification of limits of the ID solution and the derivation of coefficients which take heat diffusion into account. An analysis of inversion accuracy was carried out. A simple algorithm based on a surface temperature time-derivative is proposed for detecting thickness variations. Then, material loss in an area of arbitrary shape is evaluated applying a modified algorithm, originally developed for a ID thermal model. The potential of dedicated image processing in enhancing a signal-to-noise ratio is explored. The feasibility of corrosion quantification by the proposed inversion algorithm is demonstrated with experimental results. Detection and evaluation of hidden material loss within a boiler section, typically used at a power plant station, has been performed. The external surface was heated with flash lamps and temperature response was analyzed both in time and space domains. The masking effect due to the noisy inspected surface (not painted and affected by a long time service) were substantially removed before evaluating corrosion. Obtained results have been compared with measurements produced by the ultrasonic method.     

偏振图像的探测及处理

利用CCD探测物体反射光的偏振信息,再通过适当的图像变换,得到物体的偏振图像。通过和物体原光强图像相比,可看出物体的偏振图像具有普通成像技术所不具有的优势,在目标识别、植被探测等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。在主要进行的三组实验中,不同情况下的植被树叶被作为对象并拍摄了它们的偏振图像,并通过与树叶光强图像的对比,显示了偏振图像的优势所在。     

Manufacturing of fine-structured 3D porous filter elements by selective laser melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) allows manufacturing porous 3D parts with customized near-net shape and internal geometry designed at the stage of their computer modeling. The relations between laser operational parameters, computer design of the manufacturing object, composition and microstructure of the obtained fine porous structures are discussed. A series of experiments are carried out on PHENIX PM-100 machine to analyze the influence of the manufacturing strategy on anisotropy and regularity of the internal structure of samples from stainless steel, nickel alloys and metal-polymer powders. The issues of accurate reproduction of the parts geometry, strategy of manufacturing thin-walled 3D filters and filters with customized pattern of the micron-sized channels are addressed. Effect of the porous structure on the material filtering performance is analyzed in order to optimize and diversify design of the porous materials for a given application and to improve their operational behavior.     

Computational integral imaging reconstruction method of 3D images using pixel-to-pixel mapping and image interpolation

In this paper, we propose a novel computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) method to improve the visual quality of the reconstructed images using a pixel-to-pixel mapping and an interpolation technique. Since an elemental image is magnified inversely through the corresponding pinhole and mapped on the reconstruction output plane based on pinhole-array model in the conventional CIIR method, the visual quality of reconstructed output image (ROI) degrades due to the interference problem between adjacent pixels during the superposition of the magnified elemental images. To avoid this problem, the proposed CIIR method generates dot-pattern ROIs using a pixel-to-pixel mapping and substitutes interpolated values for the empty pixels within the dot-pattern ROIs using an interpolation technique. The interpolated ROIs provides a much improved visual quality compared with the conventional method because of the exact regeneration of pixel positions sampled in the pickup process without interference between pixels. Moreover, it can enable us to reduce a computational cost by eliminating the magnification process used in the conventional CIIR. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed system, some experiments are carried out and the results are presented.     

Calculations on polarization properties of alkali metal atoms using Dirac–Fock plus core polarization method

A semi-empirical atomic structure model method is developed in the framework of a relativistic case. This method starts from Dirac-Fock calculations using B-spline basis set. The core-valence electron correction is then treated in a semiempirical core polarization potential. As an application, the polarization properties of alkali metal atoms, including the static polarizabilities and long-range two-body dispersion coefficients, have been calculated. Our results are in good agreement with the results obtained from ab initio relativistic many-body perturbation method and the available experimental measurements.     

基于空间二进制编码的3 D形貌测量方法

介绍了一种基于空间二进制编码的非接触３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法。它用一台ＬＣＤ 投影仪对被测物体表面进行空间编码,再用一台ＣＣＤ 摄像机获取物体编码信息,最后用三角法原理从摄像机图像中获取三维形貌数据。提出了基于三角法的空间二进制码的重要特性,描述了高效编码的构造方法。用这个构造方法构造出一个完全数字化的７ 位字长的二进制编码。基于这种编码的３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法在被测物体表面非常不连续和非构造的环境下取得了良好的测量结果。     

A 3D image interleaving method for real-time autostereoscopic display based on GPU

Multiview autostereoscopic systems display three-dimensional (3D) images interleaved from parallax images to provide adequate viewing zones for viewers. A 3D image interleaving method based on parallel processing with Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is proposed to accelerate the image interleaving for real-time autostereoscopic displays. The proposed method is implemented with Direct3D Application Programming Interface (API) library. Masks used to interleave the 3D images are generated according to some particular principles. Both multiple texture blending and alpha blending operations are used to interleave a 3D image. The experiments prove that high interleaving efficiency and good stereoscopic sense can be obtained. The proposed method meets the requirement of real-time multiview autostereoscopic displays and avoids extra shader program.     

三区位相型三维超分辨光瞳滤波器的优化设计

用Matlab优化工具箱,采用非线性规划,对三区位相型(π-0-π型)光瞳滤波器进行了优化设计。结果显示,所设计的滤波器较好地实现了横向和轴向的三维超分辨,且轴向超分辨能力优于横向。该滤波器结构简单,容易实现。     

Optimising image quality in 2D and 3D confocal Raman mapping

This article compares the quality of Raman images obtained using metallurgical and oil immersion objectives to map complex structures in two and three dimensions. While the performance of these objectives for depth profiling planar structures has been discussed at length in the literature, the same comparison has not yet been made for 3D mapping of complex objects, where additional complications are introduced by non‐planar geometries. Studying samples with increasing complexity shows that the oil immersion objective is strongly preferred because it yields brighter images with better contrast, and eliminates some new and confusing artefacts that do not arise with simple planar objects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

360 degree realistic 3D image display and image processing from real objects

A 360-degree realistic 3D image display system based on direct light scanning method, so-called Holo-Table has been introduced in this paper. High-density directional continuous 3D motion images can be displayed easily with only one spatial light modulator. Using the holographic screen as the beam deflector, 360-degree full horizontal viewing angle was achieved. As an accompany part of the system, CMOS camera based image acquisition platform was built to feed the display engine, which can take a full 360-degree continuous imaging of the sample at the center. Customized image processing techniques such as scaling, rotation, format transformation were also developed and embedded into the system control software platform. In the end several samples were imaged to demonstrate the capability of our system.