Numerical-analytical method to determine the stress state of an elastic rectangular plate

A numerical-analytical method for solving the plane problem of elasticity is proposed. Systems of nonorthogonal functions are used. The method involves the minimization of a quadratic form that is equal to the integral of the sum of squared residuals of the solution and given forces. An explicit expression for stresses is derived. Bessel's inequality and the convergence of the solution are proved. The accuracy of the boundary conditions is estimated. The stress and strain distribution in the plate depending on the maximum magnitude of distributed forces and the size of their localization area is analyzed numerically. New quantitative and qualitative features of the stress distribution in the plate are established __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 90–98, January 2008.     

Calculation of geometric configuration factors in an enclosure whose boundary is given by an arbitrary polygon in the plane

Many structures or structural assemblages contain voids, e.g. gaps in insulated steel columns, chimney blocks (Fig. 1, [5]) or window frames (Fig. 2, [6]). In transient and non-transient thermal analysis calculations voids are physically characterized by the fact that energy exchange between the surrounding surfaces of the void is primarily effected by convection and thermal radiation, whereas in the remaining solid structure energy is transferred by conduction.The discussion in this short paper will focus on the subproblem of determining the geometric configuration or radiation view factors in an enclosure defined by an arbitrary polygonal boundary on a digital computer.

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Berechnung von Geometriefaktoren in Hohlräumen mit hilfsweise polygonen Grenzen

Zusammenfassung Viele Baukonstruktionen wie etwa bekleidete Stahlstützen, Kaminformsteine (Bild 1, [5]) oder Fensterrahmen (Bild 2, [6]) enthalten Hohlräume in ihrem Innern. Bei stationären und instationären Temperaturberechnungen sind Hohlräume dadurch charakterisiert, daß in ihnen Wärme durch Konvektion und Strahlung ausgetauscht wird, während im übrigen Teil der Konstruktion ein Energieaustausch nur in Form von Wärmeleitung stattfindet. In diesem kurzen Beitrag wird das Teilproblem der rechnergestützten Bestimmung der geometrischen Konfigurationsfaktoren in einem Hohlraum, der durch ein beliebiges, einfaches Polygon vorgegeben ist, behandelt.

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Nomenclature Q_ij heat flux - _i, _j emissivity coefficients - C _s Stefan-Boltzmann-constant - T _i,T _J absolute temperatures - A _i area - L _ij length - F _ij geometric configuration factor - P _i vertex of a polygon - e _i edge of a polygon - i, j... indices     

Scattering of a Rayleigh wave by an elastic wedge whose angle is less than 180°

The steady-state problem of scattering of an incident Rayleigh wave by an elastic wedge whose angle is less than 180° is considered. The problem is reduced to the numerical solution of a pair of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind whose kernels are continuous functions. Numerical results are given for the amplitude and phase of the Rayleigh waves transmitted and reflected by the corner.     

Scattering of elastic waves by an arbitrary small imperfection in the surface of a half-space

T , the first of two articles, is concerned with the scattering of elastic waves by arbitrary surface-breaking or near surface defects in an isotropic half-plane. We present an analytical solution, by the method of matched asymptotic expansions, when the parameter , which is the ratio of a typical length scale of the imperfection to the incident radiation's wavelength, is small. The problem is formulated for a general class of small defects, including cracks, surface bumps and inclusions, and for arbitrary incident waves. As a straightforward example of the asymptotic scheme we specialize the defect to a two-dimensional circular void or protrusion, which breaks the free surface, and assume Rayleigh wave excitation ; this inner problem is exactly solvable by conformal mapping methods. The displacement field is found uniformly to leading order in , and the Rayleigh waves which are scattered by the crack are explicitly determined. In the second article we use the method given here to tackle the important problem of an inclined edge-crack. In that work we show that the scattered field can be found to any asymptotic order in a straightforward manner, and in particular the Rayleigh wave coefficients are given to O(²).     

The stiffness of an elastic solid with an embedded,nominally spherical inclusion subjected to a small arbitrary motion

The article examines the problem of translation and rotation of a nominally (slightly deformed) spherical rigid inclusion embedded into an unbounded elastic medium. To the first order in the small parameter characterizing the boundary perturbation, explicit expressions are deduced for the induced displacement field as well as for the net force and net torque required to produce the applied translation and rotation.     

Diffraction of plane waves by an infinitely long elastic rod floating on the surface of a liquid

The interaction of plane waves coming from infinity with an infinitely long elastic rod floating on the surface of a liquid is considered. The liquid is assumed to be ideal and have infinite depth. It is assumed that the rod cannot become separated from the liquid. The parameters of the waves that pass through the rod and are reflected from it are determined, and the force factors in the transverse sections of the rod are found.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 62–67, September–October, 1980.     

A new semi-analytical method for the non-linear static analysis of an infinite beam on a non-linear elastic foundation: A general approach to a variable beam cross-section

We propose a new non-linear method for the static analysis of an infinite non-uniform beam resting on a non-linear elastic foundation under localized external loads. To this end, an integral operator equation is newly formulated, which is equivalent to the original differential equation of non-uniform beam. By using the integral operator equation, we propose a new functional iterative method for static beam analysis as a general approach to a variable beam cross-section. The method proposed is fairly simple as well as straightforward to apply. An illustrative example is presented to examine the validity of the proposed method. It shows that just a few iterations are required for an accurate solution.     

Stress state of an elastic half-space weakened by a plane crack which is close to being annular

Zaporozh'e Institute of Mechanical Engineering. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 9–15, May, 1990.     

Boundary conditions at the edge of a thin or thick plate bonded to an elastic support

At the clamped edge of a thin plate, the interior transverse deflection ω(x ₁, x₂) of the mid-plane x ₃=0 is required to satisfy the boundary conditions ω=?ω/?n=0. But suppose that the plate is not held fixed at the edge but is supported by being bonded to another elastic body; what now are the boundary conditions which should be applied to the interior solution in the plate? For the case in which the plate and its support are in two-dimensional plane strain, we show that the correct boundary conditions for ω must always have the form % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% GabaqaaiGacaGaamqadaabaeaafiaakqaabeqaaiaabEhacaqGTaWa% aSaaaeaacaGG0aGaae4vamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOqaaaaaOqaaiaaco% dadaqadaqaaiaacgdacqGHsislcaqG2baacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaiaa% bIgadaahaaWcbeqaaiaackdaaaGcdaWcaaqaaiaabsgadaahaaWcbe% qaaiaackdaaaGccaqG3baabaGaaeizaiaabIhafaqabeGabaaajaaq% baqcLbkacaGGYaaajaaybaqcLbkacaGGXaaaaaaakiabgUcaRmaala% aabaGaaiinaiaabEfadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadAeaaaaakeaacaGGZaWa% aeWaaeaacaGGXaGaeyOeI0IaaeODaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaacaqGOb% WaaWbaaSqabeaacaGGZaaaaOWaaSaaaeaacaqGKbWaaWbaaSqabeaa% caGGZaaaaOGaae4DaaqaaiaabsgacaqG4bqcaaubaeqabiqaaaqcaa% saaiaacodaaKaaafaajugGaiaacgdaaaaaaOGaeyypa0Jaaiimaiaa% cYcaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaabsgacaqG3baabaGaaeizaiaabIhaliaacg% daaaGccqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaacsdacqqHyoqudaahaaWcbeqaaiaa% bkeaaaaakeaacaGGZaWaaeWaaeaacaGGXaGaeyOeI0IaaeODaaGaay% jkaiaawMcaaaaacaqGObWaaSaaaeaacaqGKbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaGG% YaaaaOGaae4DaaqaaiaabsgacaqG4bqbaeqabiqaaaqcaauaaKqzGc% GaaiOmaaqcaawaaKqzGcGaaiymaaaaaaGccqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaa% csdacqqHyoqudaahaaWcbeqaaiaabAeaaaaakeaacaGGZaWaaeWaae% aacaGGXaGaeyOeI0IaaeODaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaacaqGObWaaWba% aSqabeaacaGGYaaaaOWaaSaaaeaacaqGKbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaGGZa% aaaOGaae4DaaqaaiaabsgacaqG4bqcaaubaeqabiqaaaqcaasaaiaa% codaaKaaafaajugGaiaacgdaaaaaaOGaeyypa0JaaiimaiaacYcaaa% aa!993A!\[\begin{gathered}{\text{w - }}\frac{{4{\text{W}}^B }}{{3\left( {1 - {\text{v}}} \right)}}{\text{h}}^2 \frac{{{\text{d}}^2 {\text{w}}}}{{{\text{dx}}\begin{array}{*{20}c}2 \\1 \\\end{array} }} + \frac{{4{\text{W}}^F }}{{3\left( {1 - {\text{v}}} \right)}}{\text{h}}^3 \frac{{{\text{d}}^3 {\text{w}}}}{{{\text{dx}}\begin{array}{*{20}c}3 \\1 \\\end{array} }} = 0, \hfill \\\frac{{{\text{dw}}}}{{{\text{dx}}1}} - \frac{{4\Theta ^{\text{B}} }}{{3\left( {1 - {\text{v}}} \right)}}{\text{h}}\frac{{{\text{d}}^2 {\text{w}}}}{{{\text{dx}}\begin{array}{*{20}c}2 \\1 \\\end{array} }} + \frac{{4\Theta ^{\text{F}} }}{{3\left( {1 - {\text{v}}} \right)}}{\text{h}}^2 \frac{{{\text{d}}^3 {\text{w}}}}{{{\text{dx}}\begin{array}{*{20}c}3 \\1 \\\end{array} }} = 0, \hfill \\\end{gathered}\]with exponentially small error as L/h→∞, where 2h is the plate thickness and L is the length scale of ω in the x ₁-direction. The four coefficients W ^B, W^F, Θ ^B , Θ ^F are computable constants which depend upon the geometry of the support and the elastic properties of the support and the plate, but are independent of the length of the plate and the loading applied to it. The leading terms in these boundary conditions as L/h→∞ (with all elastic moduli remaining fixed) are the same as those for a thin plate with a clamped edge. However by obtaining asymptotic formulae and general inequalities for Θ ^B , W ^F, we prove that these constants take large values when the support is ‘soft’ and so may still have a strong influence even when h/L is small. The coefficient W ^F is also shown to become large as the size of the support becomes large but this effect is unlikely to be significant except for very thick plates. When h/L is small, the first order corrected boundary conditions are w=0,% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% GabaqaaiGacaGaamqadaabaeaafiaakeaadaWcaaqaaiaabsgacaqG% 3baabaGaaeizaiaabIhaliaacgdaaaGccqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaacs% dacqqHyoqudaahaaWcbeqaaiaabkeaaaaakeaacaGGZaWaaeWaaeaa% caGGXaGaeyOeI0IaaeODaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaacaqGObWaaSaaae% aacaqGKbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaGGYaaaaOGaae4DaaqaaiaabsgacaqG% 4bqbaeqabiqaaaqcaauaaKqzGcGaaiOmaaqcaawaaKqzGcGaaiymaa% aaaaGccqGH9aqpcaGGWaGaaiilaaaa!5DD4!\[\frac{{{\text{dw}}}}{{{\text{dx}}1}} - \frac{{4\Theta ^{\text{B}} }}{{3\left( {1 - {\text{v}}} \right)}}{\text{h}}\frac{{{\text{d}}^2 {\text{w}}}}{{{\text{dx}}\begin{array}{*{20}c}2 \\1 \\\end{array} }} = 0,\]which correspond to a hinged edge with a restoring couple proportional to the angular deflection of the plate at the edge.     

Complex variable function method for the scattering of plane waves by an arbitrary hole in a porous medium

Based on the complex variable function method, a new approach for solving the scattering of plane elastic waves by a hole with an arbitrary configuration embedded in an infinite poroelastic medium is developed in the paper. The poroelastic medium is described by Biot's theory. By introducing three potentials, the governing equations for Biot's theory are reduced to three Helmholtz equations for the three potentials. The series solutions of the Helmholtz equations are obtained by the wave function expansion method. Through the conformal mapping method, the arbitrary hole in the physical plane is mapped into a unit circle in the image plane. Integration of the boundary conditions along the unit circle in the image plane yields the algebraic equations for the coefficients of the series solutions. Numerical solution of the resulting algebraic equations yields the displacements, the stresses and the pore pressure for the porous medium. In order to demonstrate the proposed approach, some numerical results are given in the paper.     

A semi-analytical approach to the study of an elastic circular cylinder confined in a cylindrical fluid domain subjected to small-amplitude transient motions

This paper deals with the transient motions experienced by an elastic circular cylinder in a cylindrical fluid domain initially at rest and subjected to small-amplitude imposed displacements. Three fluid models are considered, namely potential, viscous and acoustic, to cover different fluid–structure interaction regimes. They are derived here from the general compressible Navier–Stokes equations by a formal perturbation method so as to underline their links and ranges of validity a priori. The resulting fluid models are linear owing to the small-amplitude-displacement hypothesis. For simplicity, the elastic flexure beam model is chosen for the circular cylinder dynamics. The semi-analytical approach used here is based on the methods of Laplace transform in time, in vacuo eigenvector expansion with time-dependent coefficients for the transverse beam displacement and separation of variables for the fluid. Moreover, the viscous case is handled with a matched asymptotic expansion performed at first order. The projection of the fluid forces on the in vacuo eigenvectors leads to a fully coupled system involving the modal time-dependent displacement coefficients. These coefficients are then obtained by matrix inversion in the Laplace domain and fast numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The three models, written in the form of convolution products, are described through the analysis of their kernels, involving both the wave propagation phenomena in the fluid domain and the beam elasticity. Last, the three models are illustrated for a specific imposed motion mimicking shock loading. It is shown that their combination permits coverage of a broad range of motions.     

On indentation of a pair of rigid punches connected by an elastic beam into an elastic half-plane with regard to the friction and adhesion forces in the contact region

The contact problem of indentation of a pair of rigid punches with plane bases connected by an elastic beam into the boundary of an elastic half-plane is considered under the conditions of plane strain state. The external load is generated by lumped forces applied to the punches and a uniformly distributed normal load acting on the beam.It is assumed that the contact between the punch and the elastic half-plane can be described by L. A. Galin’s statement, i.e., it is assumed that the adhesion acts in the interior part of each of the contact regions and the tangential stresses obeying the Coulomb law act on their boundaries.With the symmetry taken into account, the problem is stated only for a single punch, and solving this problem is reduced to a system of four singular integral equations for the tangential and normal stresses in the adhesion region and the contact pressure in the sliding zones. The solution of the constitutive system together with three conditions of equilibrium of the system of punches connected by a beam is constructed by direct numerical integration by the method of mechanical quadratures.As a result of the numerical analysis, the contact stress distribution functions were constructed and the values of the sliding zones and the punch rotation angle were determined for various values of the geometric, elastic, and force characteristics.     

Thermoelastic problem of steady-state heat flows disturbed by a crack at an arbitrary angle to the graded interfacial zone in bonded materials

Plane thermoelasticity solutions are presented for the problem of a crack in bonded materials with a graded interfacial zone. The interfacial zone is treated as a nonhomogeneous interlayer having spatially varying thermoelastic moduli between dissimilar, homogeneous half-planes. The crack is assumed to exist in one of the half-planes at an arbitrary angle to the graded interfacial zone, disturbing uniform steady-state heat flows. The Fourier integral transform method is employed in conjunction with the coordinate transformations of field variables in the basic thermoelasticity equations. Formulation of the current nonisothermal crack problem lends itself to the derivation of two sets of Cauchy-type singular integral equations for heat conduction and thermal stress analyses. The heat-flux intensity factors and the thermal-stress intensity factors are defined and evaluated in order to quantify the singular characters of temperature gradients and thermal stresses, respectively, in the near-tip region. Numerical results include the variations of such crack-tip field intensity factors versus the crack orientation angle for various combinations of material and geometric parameters of the dissimilar media bonded through the thermoelastically graded interfacial zone. The dependence of the near-tip thermoelastic singular field on the degree of crack-surface partial insulation is also addressed.