基于自发参量下转换产生参量荧光的光谱分布特性理论分析

采用放大传递函数理论模拟和分析了基于自发参量下转换产生参量荧光的光谱分布特性,结果表明：非简并态下随着相位匹配角的增大,参量荧光空间强度角分布呈现变大趋势,而整个荧光光谱成分的分布逐渐倾向于连续的弱分布状态.对于简并态附近出现荧光光谱具有宽带宽集中分布的特征,采用两种不同的抽运光脉冲进行了对比分析,并且对此特征关于相位匹配角变化的敏感特性,采用放大传递函数和光谱成分概率分布函数两种不同理论的模拟结果一致. 关键词： 参量下转换 参量荧光     

Mapping of periodically poled crystals via spontaneous parametric down-conversion

A new method for characterization of periodically poled crystals is developed based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The method is demonstrated on crystals of Y:LiNbO₃, Mg:Y:LiNbO₃ with non-uniform periodically poled structures, obtained directly under the Czochralski growth procedure and designed for application of 1.064 μmpumped OPO in the mid-infrared range. Infrared dispersion of refractive index, effective working periods and wavelengths of OPO were determined by special treatment of frequency-angular spectra of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the visible range. Two-dimensional mapping via spontaneous parametric down-conversion is proposed for characterizing spatial distribution of bulk quasi-phase matching efficiency across the input window of a periodically poled sample.     

Measurement of the spectral brightness of terahertz radiation in the process of nonlinear-optical detection

A method has been proposed for the absolute measurement of the spectral brightness of terahertz radiation in the process of the parametric frequency conversion to the optical range. The method has a low threshold flux and does not require extrinsic references. The method simultaneously allows for the calibration of thermal fluctuations and the determination of the absolute local temperature of a nonlinear converter crystal.     

Spectral properties of entangled photon pairs generated via quasi-phased-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion

The spectral properties of entangled photon pairs generated via quasi-phased matching in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A general mathematical model for evaluating the spectral properties is developed to obtain the spectrum shape and range of down-converted photons. The model takes into account the effects of phase mismatching due to non-ideal pumping and the relationship between crystal periodic modulation function and the incidence angle of the pump beam. The spectrum curve shape is determined by the discrete Fourier transform of a Gaussian pump beam and the integration of parametric down-conversion generated by an individual plane wave. An experiment is carried out with a PPLN non-linear crystal and dispersing optics, which shows a good consistency in their spectral ranges and shapes with our model predictions within the spectrum of 600–633 nm. This therefore illustrates that both the simulation model and the experimental process are reasonable. This novel method has potential applications in high-accuracy calibration in the wide spectrum using correlated photons.     

Pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator generating continuous wave tunable terahertz radiation

We demonstrate a tunable cw terahertz (THz) parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate, directly converting the 1030 nm pump wave into the THz regime. The tunability ranges from 1.2 to 2.9 THz at output power levels between 0.3 and 3.9 μW. To overcome the high pump threshold caused by THz absorption in the nonlinear crystal, we employ an enhancement cavity with a finesse of 500 at the pump wavelength. The intracavity pump threshold at 1.4 THz is measured to be 350 W for a crystal length of 2.5 cm.     

非简并参量下转换中信号模的起伏谱

利用线性Langevin方程和谱矩阵,采用全量子方法讨论了非简并参量下转换中,腔外信号模在阈值以上和阈值以下的起伏谱,得出在这一过程中信号模与闲置模通常处于最小测不准态.     

Improving the purity of heralded single-photon sources through spontaneous parametric down-conversion process

The high-purity single-photon source plays an important role in the field of quantum information. Usually, it is generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. In this paper, we investigate and summarize a few approaches on obtaining single-photon sources with a high purity using either PPKTP or PPLN nonlinear crystals. Moreover, we present improved schemes to increase the purity based on existing work, corresponding applicable conditions and procedures are discussed and analyzed. Besides, we carry out numerical simulations and show that nearly perfect purity can be reached even without using any filters. Therefore, this work might provide valuable references for the generation and application of high purity single-photon sources.     

Spatial symmetry and conservation of orbital angular momentum in spontaneous parametric down-conversion

Directly contradictory arguments coexist regarding the conservation rule of orbital angular momentum in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We analytically show how this rule is decided by spatial symmetry. We discover that the down-converted photon pairs can carry non-negligible extrinsic orbital angular momentum in the degrees of relative-movement freedom due to spatial symmetry breaking, leading to nonconservation of total orbital angular momentum in type-II down-conversion. Also, we demonstrate that the traditional technique does not measure the extrinsic orbital angular momentum.     

Purity and entanglement of two-photon polarization states generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion

We elucidate the dependence of purity and entanglement of two-photon states generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion on the parameters of the source, such as crystal length, pump beam divergence, frequency bandwidth, and detectors angular aperture. The effect of crystal anisotropy is taken into account. Numerical simulations are presented for two types of commonly used source configurations.     

Anisotropically and high entanglement of biphoton states generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion

We show both theoretically and experimentally that biphoton wave packets generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion can be strongly anisotropic and highly entangled. The conditions under which these effects exist are found and discussed.     

Interferometric autocorrelation in the ultraviolet utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion inside an enhancement cavity

Autocorrelation is a common method to estimate the duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In the ultraviolet (UV) regime it is challenging to employ the process of second-harmonic generation, most prominently due to absorption in nonlinear crystals at very short wavelengths. Here we show how to utilize spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) to generate an autocorrelation signal in the infrared (IR) for UV pulses. Our method utilizes the nth-order emission of the SPDC process, which occurs for low pumping powers proportional to the nth power of the UV intensity. Thus, counting 2n down-converted photons directly yields the nth-order autocorrelation. The method, now with detection of near-IR photons, is applied to the first direct measurement of ultrashort UV pulses circulating inside a UV enhancement cavity.     

Fourth-order image formation by spontaneous parametric down-conversion: The effect of anisotropy

We analyze the transfer of angular spectrum and fourth-order image formation in two-photon states generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in both type I and type II phase matchings. We show how the image transfer from the pump beam to the two-photon field is affected by the anisotropy of the nonlinear crystal and by the coupling between frequency and wave vector. We also show how the distortion produced by the anisotropy can be compensated by the frequency bandwidth in type II phase matching.     

Direct experimental characterization of the Bose-Einstein distribution of spatial fluctuations of spontaneous parametric down-conversion

We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration by direct detection of the Bose-Einstein photon-number distribution of highly spatially multi-mode but temporally single mode spontaneous parametric down-conversion.Received: 20 November 2003, Published online: 6 January 2004PACS: 42.50.-p Quantum optics - 42.50.Ar Photon statistics and coherence theory - 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics - 42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons     

Effect of polarization deviation of spontaneous parametric down-conversion on the degree of biphoton entanglement

Analysis is given to the effect of polarization deviation due to spontaneous parametric downconversion on the states of polarization-entangled photons generated via a cascaded two-crystal geometry with type I phase matching (e?oo).     

基于自发参量下转换源二阶激发过程产生四光子超纠缠态

目前,多光子纠缠态的制备大多通过线性光学器件演化自发参量下转换一阶激发过程产生的纠缠光子对得到.本文考虑由自发参量下转换源二阶激发产生四个不可区分的纠缠光子制备四光子超纠缠态的情况.通过几组分束器、半波片和偏振分束器等线性光学器件设计量子线路演化四光子系统,结合四模符合探测,可得到同时具有偏振纠缠和空间纠缠的四光子超纠缠态.     

Measurement of the spectral properties of the two-photon state generated via type II spontaneous parametric downconversion

We report complete measurement of the spectral properties of photon pairs generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion. The measurements, which include not only single-photon spectra but also two-photon joint spectra, were performed for both cw and ultrafast-pumping configurations. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the spectra for the ultrafast-pumped case reveal asymmetries that are not present with cw pumping.     

Characterization of periodically poled LiTaO3 crystals by means of spontaneous parametric down-conversion

We describe the observation of quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion in eee-geometry in periodically poled LiTaO₃ crystals. For scattered light, the two-dimensional angular-frequency intensity distribution was studied. Several detuning curves were recorded, corresponding to high orders m=-2, -3, -4, -5 of quasi-phase matching. The measured periods of domain gratings agree with the data obtained by atomic-force microscopy for the etched crystal surfaces. The presence of both odd and even orders indicates that the lengths of positive and negative domains are unequal. To determine the mean duty cycle for regular domain gratings we propose comparing of the intensities of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in different orders of quasi-phase-matching. PACS 42.65.Lm; 42.70.Mp; 81.70.Fy; 78.67.Pt; 42.65.Yj     

Theory for quantum state of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down-conversion nonlinear process

A theory is presented for the quantum state of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down-conversion nonlinear process. In this theory, the influence of the final sizes of nonlinear optical crystals on optical eigenmodes is explicitly taken into consideration. It was found that these photon pairs are not in entangled quantum states. Polarization correlations between the signal beam and the idler beam are explained. It is also shown that the two photons generated from SPDC are not spatially separated, therefore the polarization correlation between the signal and idler beams is not an evidence for quantum non-locality. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Optical detection of terahertz radiation by using nonlinear parametric upconversion

We describe and demonstrate sensitive room-temperature detection of terahertz (THz) radiation by nonlinearly upconverting terahertz to the near-infrared regime, relying on telecommications components. THz radiation at 700 GHz is mixed with pump light at 1550 nm in a bulk GaAs crystal to generate an idler wave at 1555.6 nm, which is separated and detected by using a commercial p-i-n diode. The THz detector operates at room temperature and has an intrinsic THz-to-optical photon conversion efficiency of 0.001%.     

Measurement of the photonic de broglie wavelength of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion

Using a basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate experimentally the measurement of the photonic de Broglie wavelength of entangled photon pairs (biphotons) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The observed interference manifests the concept of the photonic de Broglie wavelength. We also discuss the phase uncertainty obtained from the experiment.