Nomenclature of Carbohydrates

These Recommendations expand and replace the Tentative Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature [1] issued in 1969 jointly by the IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and the IUB-IUPAC Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN) and reprinted in [2]. They also replace other published JCBN Recommendations [3-71 that deal with specialized areas of carbohydrate terminology; however, these documents can be consulted for further examples. of relevance to the field, though not incorporated into the present document, are the following recommendations:

• Nomenclature of cyclitols, 1973 [8]

• Numbering of atoms in myo-inositol, 1988 [9]

• Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains, 1981 [10]

• Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans, 1985 [11]

• Nomenclature of glycolipids, in preparation [12]

The present Recommendations deal with the acyclic and cyclic forms of monosaccharides and their simple derivatives, as well as with the nomenclature of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. They are additional to the Definitive Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry [13,14] and are intended to govern those aspects of the nomenclature of carbohydrates not covered by those rules.     

Derivatization Reaction of Carbohydrates with Urea as the Reagent and Fluorimetric Determination of Carbohydrates

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅｓｐｌａｙａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅａｎｄａｌｍｏｓｔａｌｌｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｃｅｎｔｒａｌｔｏｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｔｏｒａｇｅｏｆｅｎｅｒｇｙｂｕｔａｌｓｏｕｓｅｆｕｌｉｎｔｈｅｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓｏｆｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｄｊｕｓｔｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ .Ｓｏｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅａｎｄｅｆｆ…     

Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Carbohydrates

Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into value-added products and platform chemicals became a trend in recent years. Microwave activation used in the processes of carbohydrate conversion coupled with the proper choice of catalysts makes it possible to enhance dramatically the efficiency and sometimes the selectivity of catalysts. This mini-review presents a brief literature survey related to state-of-the-art methods developed recently by the world research community to solve the problem of rational conversion of carbohydrates, mostly produced from natural resources and wastes (forestry and agriculture wastes) including production of hydrogen, synthesis gas, furanics, and alcohols. The focus is made on microwave technologies used for processing carbohydrates. Of particular interest is the use of heterogeneous catalysts and hybrid materials in processing carbohydrates.     

氟代糖的合成

本文综述了氟代糖合成的新进展及利用选择性氟化合成具有生物活性的物质。     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Carbohydrates of the inflorescences of Calendula officinalis

All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Chemistry and Technology of Medicinal Plants, Khar'kov. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 585–586, July–August, 1988.