纳米二氧化钛催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的研究(Ⅰ)

通过烯烃的环氧化反应可制得一系列活泼的有机中间体--环氧化物,再通过选择性开环或功能团转化可方便地合成多种有价值的化合物.含钛催化剂对烯烃环氧化催化效果较好,如Ti-ZSM-5、Ti-ZSM-11、α-和β-[SiW₉Ti₃O₄₀]^10-.     

酞菁亚铁/亚碘酰苯催化3-(1′,3′-二氧戊环)-5(10),9(11)-雌甾二烯-17-α-(1-丙炔)-17-β-醇的选择环氧化

目前, 对酞菁过渡金属配合物的研究已引起人们广泛的重视. 酞菁过渡金属催化烯烃的环氧化反应, 可以看作是对自然界生物体内许多酶催化氧化反应的模拟[1]. 其反应条件温和, 环氧化产物具有较高的区域选择性和立体选择性, 可应用于合成特定构型的环氧化物, 特别是用于合成药物中间体.     

1.6-缩水-2,4-二-氧-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖合成、开环及立体选择性成苷反应研究

以较好产率合成了3-位具有不同保护基的1,6-缩水-2,4-二-氧-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖,并对其开环反应以及成苷反应的立体选择性进行了研究.     

光学活性环氧化物的酶催化合成

光学活性环氧化物的酶催化合成①夏仕文尉迟力沈润南李树本②（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室，兰州７３００００）关键词光学活性环氧化物酶催化不对称合成动力学拆分１前言光学活性环氧化物含有两个手性碳，通过选择性开环和官能团转换...     

理论与计算化学在基础化学课程中的应用：1,2-环氧化物开环反应

1,2-环氧化物开环反应是化学类各专业有机化学课程中的重要教学内容，教材中的描述缺少定量、直观信息，学生通常采用机械记忆方式予以学习，不能完全理解相关的反应机制。本文设计了一个用理论化学方法研究化学反应的典型案例，通过量子化学计算探讨了酸、碱催化1,2-环氧化物开环反应的分子机制，揭示了反应的热力学和动力学性质，描绘了反应过程的直观物理图像，给出了理解反应区域选择性的定量信息。论文将计算量子化学与有机化学教学内容有机融合，不仅有助于学生加深对化学基本概念和基础理论的理解，而且有助于学生开阔视野、拓展思路，使学生充分认识到理论计算是开展化学研究的重要手段。     

环氧水解酶在不对称合成中的应用

环氧水解酶是一种普遍存在于生物体内的酶,它能选择性水解环氧生成相应的手性二醇。这种酶在催化反应中通常显示出十分高的对映立体选择性,生成高光学活性的环氧和二醇。近年来国际上采用微生物来源的环氧水解酶对环氧底物进行不对称水解,然后再通过酸处理未开环的环氧化物“一锅法”高产率、高选择性的生成单一构型的手性二醇。这一新发展为这种酶在精细合成工业上的运用开辟了广阔的前景。     

双氮席夫碱配体对甲基三氧化铼催化烯烃环氧化反应的影响

 利用 2-吡啶甲醛、6-甲基-2-吡啶甲醛或 6-异丙基-2-吡啶甲醛与对甲基苯胺缩合制得双氮席夫碱配体, 考察了席夫碱配体以及溶剂和温度对甲基三氧化铼 (MTO) 催化不同结构烯烃环氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 这些席夫碱配体与 MTO 构成的催化剂体系在甲醇溶剂中的催化性能最好, 双氮配体能显著提高环氧化反应的选择性. 当以甲醇为溶剂, 环己烯为底物, 在 –10 oC 反应 12 h 时, 环己烯转化率和环氧化物选择性均可达 100%. 席夫碱的配位能力越强, 越有利于提高环氧化物选择性, 而其配位能力取决于吡啶环中 6-位取代基的电子和立体结构. 给电子能力较强和空间位阻较小的烷基对应的配体的配位能力较强.     

Sm(Ⅲ)催化的三级环氧醇高度非对映选择性重排还原 反应-1, 3-二醇单酯的新 合成方法

本文报道了一个α-羟基环氧化物被Sm(Ⅲ)催化的新颖的串联反应。此反应一步完成了两个连续反应,高度非对映选择性地构筑了三个连续的立体中心。它可以成为一种高度非对映选择性地构筑2-季碳-1,3-二醇结构的一般方法。该反应的条件和机理在文中也作了详细的讨论。     

酞菁亚铁／亚碘酰苯催化3—（1‘，3 ’—二氧戊环）—5（10），9（11）—雌甾二烯—17—α—（1—丙炔）—17—β—醇的选择环氧化

目前 ,对酞菁过渡金属配合物的研究已引起人们广泛的重视 .酞菁过渡金属催化烯烃的环氧化反应 ,可以看作是对自然界生物体内许多酶催化氧化反应的模拟[1] .其反应条件温和 ,环氧化产物具有较高的区域选择性和立体选择性 ,可应用于合成特定构型的环氧化物 ,特别是用于合成药物中间体 .用 F3CCOCF3/H2 O2 作环氧化剂对药物中间体 3 -(1′,3′-二氧戊环 ) - 5 (1 0 ) ,9(1 1 ) -雌甾二烯 - 1 7- α- (1 -丙炔基 ) - 1 7-β-醇 (1 )的环氧化反应 ,已有文献报道 [2 ,3] ,5 α、 1 0 α-环氧化物 (2 )与 5 β、 1 0 β-环氧化物(3 )的摩尔比为…     

镁对3-氯-2-烃基四氢呋喃的开环反应

本文首次报道镁对3-氯-2-烃基四氢呋喃(1)的开环反应,制得一系列4-烃基-3-丁烯-1-醇(2)。反应平稳、安全、产率高,立体选择性亦较强。反式1开环时,所得反式2的纯度达99.9%;顺式1开环时,所得顺式2的纯     

Alteration in photosystem II photochemistry of thylakoids isolated from senescing leaves of wheat seedlings

Wheat seedlings, grown for 7 days in the light, were allowed to senesce in the light or dark, and the change in the photosystem II (PS II) photochemistry of chloroplasts isolated from the primary leaves of these seedlings was investigated. The decrease in oxygen evolution and the fast fluorescence results indicated that the impairment of PS II in the leaves of seedlings senescing in the light was different from that in the leaves of seedlings senescing in the dark. Thermoluminescence studies showed a structural modification in the Q_B protein of chloroplasts isolated from leaves senescing in the light and an alteration in the S state transition of chloroplasts isolated from leaves senescing in the dark.     

Analytical strategies to determine antibiotic residues in fish

The accelerated growth of aquaculture has resulted in a series of harmful effects to human health. The widespread and unrestricted use of antibiotics in this industry, to prevent bacterial infections, leads to remaining amounts in the aquatic environment. This has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquaculture environments, in the increase in antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens as well as in the transfer of these resistance determinants to human pathogens. Moreover, the use of large amounts of antibiotics may lead to the presence of residual antibiotics in fish tissue and fish products. Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, penicillins, sulphonamides and other antibiotics, exhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, are widely used for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish. An extended and comprehensive review on the recent analytical methodologies concerning antibiotic residues in fish reported in the literature is provided in the present article. Emphasis is given on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation according to legislation. Results of published assays are comparatively presented and criticised.     

ESR方法检测竹红菌素的半醌负离子自由基

从顺磁共振波谱检测到通过竹红菌素的光诱导还原和基态竹红菌素跟脂肪胺的电子转移两条途径所得到的自由基信号, 并由电化学还原得到同一自由基, 确认它为半醌负离子自由基。竹红菌素溶液中加入芳香胺观察不到ESR信号。它的3,10位上与醌基相邻近的羟基离解以后, 无论在基态还是在激发态都观察不到ESR信号。此外, 还从吸收光谱观察到半醌负离子自由基吸收以及竹红菌素跟脂肪胺之间的相互作用。     

Effect of the displacement reaction on the composition of the magnetic layer in electrodeposited layered nanostructures Co-Cu/Cu and Ni-Cu/Cu

Methods of stripping voltammetry, quartz microgravimetry, and x-ray-fluorescence analysis are employed to explore the copper displacement process on thin electrodeposited layers of pure cobalt and nickel and on deposits of these metals with inclusions of copper. The displacement reaction proceeds at a considerable rate on cobalt in the sulfate and sulfosalicylate solutions and virtually does not proceed on nickel in both the sulfate or sulfate-chloride solutions. An estimate of the rate of the copper displacement reaction following a change in the concentration of copper ions in the solution and in the pH of the sulfosalicylate solution is given. A decrease in the contact exchange rate is facilitated by a decrease in the concentration of copper ions in solution and their participation in the formation of complexes.     

The Behavior of Trivalent and Pentavalent Methylarsenicals in Lake Biwa

Seasonal changes in the distribution of arsenic species were observed in a dredged area in the southern basin of Lake Biwa, Japan. The concentrations of dimethylarsenic acid [DMAA(V)] became comparable with those of inorganic forms during a stratification period. DMAA(V) increased not only in the photic zone but also in the hypolimnion. In the photic zone, an increase in DMAA(V) was observed with the yearly maximum of water temperature. In the hypolimnion, the seasonal changes in methylarsenicals differed from those in surface waters. DMAA(V) maxima appeared seasonally under sub-anoxic conditions and developed regionally at the redox boundary and above the sediment surface. The DMAA(V) concentrations increased in the initial period of oxygen depletion and just after the disappearance of anoxia, while they diminished in the anoxic hypolimnion by midsummer. The seasonal behavior of trivalent methylarsenicals, which are readily oxidized in oxic environments, was similar to that of DMAA(V). The total arsenic concentration in the surface layer rose to a maximum in late summer. Methylarsenicals did not increase in such a way that the total arsenic concentration increased during summer. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Changes in density and surface tension of water in silica pores

 The density and surface tension of water in small pores of silicas have been investigated. These physical properties of water in the pores were calculated from a comparison of pore volumes and pore radii which were estimated from adsorption and desorption isotherms of nitrogen and water. Below a pore radius of about 5 nm both the density and the surface tension of water in the pores were smaller than those of the bulk liquid and decreased with a decrease in pore size. The density of water in the pores decreased with an increase in the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups. Similarly the surface tension of water in the pores is influenced by the surface hydroxyl groups. Anomalous changes in the density and surface tension of the water in the pores are attributed to the interaction of water molecules with surface hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bond formation among water molecules. Received: 20 April 1999 Accepted in revised form: 17 November 1999     

Analysis of sequence repeats of proteins in the PDB

Internal repeats in protein sequences play a significant role in the evolution of protein structure and function. Applications of different bioinformatics tools help in the identification and characterization of these repeats. In the present study, we analyzed sequence repeats in a non-redundant set of proteins available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We used RADAR for detecting internal repeats in a protein, PDBeFOLD for assessing structural similarity, PDBsum for finding functional involvement and Pfam for domain assignment of the repeats in a protein. Through the analysis of sequence repeats, we found that identity of the sequence repeats falls in the range of 20–40% and, the superimposed structures of the most of the sequence repeats maintain similar overall folding. Analysis sequence repeats at the functional level reveals that most of the sequence repeats are involved in the function of the protein through functionally involved residues in the repeat regions. We also found that sequence repeats in single and two domain proteins often contained conserved sequence motifs for the function of the domain.     

Radial structure and property relationship in the thermal stabilization of PAN precursor fibres

Here we report on the role of oxygen in the evolution of radial heterogeneity in the fibre structure and properties of PAN fibres stabilized in air and vacuum at different temperatures. Modulus mapping by Nano-indentation showed heterogeneous modulus distribution in the fibres treated in air, while no variation in modulus was observed in fibres processed in vacuum. Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis revealed that the temperature dependent oxygen diffusion from skin to core of the fibres assisted in the evolution of higher extent of sp²-hybridized carbons in the skin compared to core of the air treated samples. Conversely, no radial structure variations were observed in the vacuum treated fibres. Higher modulus in the skin of air-treated fibres was due to the formation of compact structures which was associated with the enhanced intermolecular interactions facilitated by the formation of C=C bonds within the polymer backbone, promoted by oxidative-dehydrogenation reaction. Supporting these observations, the fracture morphology examined by SEM showed a brittle fracture in the skin and ductile fracture in the core.     

Topical Problems in Elemental Analysis of Advanced Ceramic Materials

Selected prominent problems in the analysis of advanced ceramic materials are surveyed. The importance of reliability of results is discussed in the field of elemental trace- and microanalysis in view of its interaction with economy, power of detection, local resolution and speciation selectivity. Particular problems in the analysis of major constituents, trace components and microlocal distributions are based on the striking propertics of ceramics; they are exemplified. Analytical assistance must start from the beginning of the production processing, in the preparation of the powdered base materials. Determination of the stoichiometry requires high accuracy and differentiation of chemical species in bulk and surface analysis of ceramic base powders. Element trace determination by direct instrumental methods requires standard reference materials for calibration; these are currently inavailable in a sufficient variety. For optimum reliability and power of detection, element traces must be prepared in isolated form in a small excitation volume for analysis. A review on the state-of-the-art of wet-chemical combined procedures is presented. Decomposition position procedures are emphasized, due to their risk of contributing severe systematic error. Combustion in elementary fluorine is presented for decomposition of refractory materials. The performance of some direct procedures is discussed. Very efficient methods are available for element trace determinations in ceramic materials, offering high detection power. Several approaches for high-resolution local microanalysis in non-conductive ceramic materials are identified as the most promising development in the analysis of sintered compact ceramic products and devices.     

Phosphaalkynes—Syntheses,Reactions, Coordination Behavior [New Synthetic Methods (73)]

Organophosphorus compounds have been applied in two ways in chemical synthesis. They can either be used as a reagent in a step of the synthesis (for example, in the Wittig reaction) or they can be incorporated directly into the target molecule. This second application, in particular, has expanded greatly in the last few years with the preparation of low-coordination phosphorus compounds. These include the phosphaalkynes, which are of great interest to organic and inorganic chemists. Phosphaalkynes have been employed in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, phosphaarenes and their valence isomers, and polycyclic compounds. Further applications have been the use of phosphaalkynes as new ligand systems in complex chemistry and their cyclooligomerization with organometallic reagents. While the chemical properties of phosphaalkynes have little in common with those of nitriles, they are in many ways very similar to those of the isoelectronic acetylenes.