非轴对称端壁与三维叶片联合成型气动设计优化

耦合自适应差分进化算法,非轴对称端壁与叶片联合成型参数化方法和RANS方程求解技术,提出了非轴对称端壁与叶片联合成型设计优化方法。利用该方法,完成了某小展弦比透平叶栅的气动设计优化,并且详细分析了最优设计叶片三维参数化及非轴对称端壁造型对气动性能的影响,验证了本设计优化方法的正确性和有效性。     

离心式涡轮增压器透平的设计与分析

离心式涡轮增压器透平具有与传统透平不一样的结构,本文对某一小流量、高转速、小轮径的离心式透平进行一维气动设计、三维流场模拟与优化以及变工况性能研究。首先,对流体工质以及流动过程进行简化处理,获得一维气动设计的结果;接着,采用计算流体力学软件对离心透平级进行数值模拟,通过改变叶片数目、叶片厚度、中弧线形状等进行叶型优化,获得更合理的流场;最后,分析不同转速、不同流量(背压)下离心式透平的变工况性能。     

多级轴流压气机三维数值优化设计

开发了利用非均匀有理B样条对叶轮机械三维叶片进行参数化重构的叶片造型模块和提供多种优化方法的优化模块;集成上述模块以及自主开发的网格生成软件和流场求解软件,建立了压气机气动数值优化平台.在该平台上对某5级轴流压气机末级静子进行了气动数值优化设计,取得了良好的优化效果,压气机性能得到有效提高.     

透平叶栅三维形状反问题研究

随着CFD技术的发展,基于伴随方法的求解Euler和NS方程的气动优化设计已成为流体力学形状反问题研究中的热门领域.本文应用该方法对透平叶栅进行三维气动优化设计,详细推导了Euler方程伴随系统的偏微分方程组及其各类边界条件,首次给出了透平内流伴随方程边界条件的具体形式,并给出伴随变量的物理意义.结合拟牛顿算法发展了三维透平叶栅形状反问题气动优化算法,并给出了算法的流程.     

非轴对称端壁与弯叶片联合造型方法及应用

本文采用改进的侧偏余弦函数作为造型基函数,使用Beier样条曲线控制造型参数沿轴向的变化规律,构造了一套叶栅非轴对称端壁造型系统。并在此基础上,进一步加入对三维叶型积叠规律的控制,将弯叶片造型方法和非轴对称端壁造型系统整合成非轴对称端壁与三维叶片积叠联合造型系统。将该造型系统与商业优化软件iSIGHT集成,采用模拟退火算法对某两级透平的第一级静叶进行了气动优化设计,优化目标为气动效率最高。优化后绝热效率增加了约0.43%,流量增加了约2.1%。优化结果表明非轴对称端壁与三维积叠的联合造型方法能够在单一造型方案的基础上进一步提高叶栅的气动效率。     

多级轴流透平气动特性计算方法研究

在多级轴流透平子午面中线上建立1.5维欧拉方程组,其中叶片作用力、流体的黏性作用、冷气的作用以源项的形式考虑到方程中,控制方程采用一步时间推进TVD-LW格式进行离散和求解.计算结果表明,该方法能够预测多级轴流透平的平均气动参数分布和气动性能,具有快速、灵活的特点,可以用于求解透平的特性曲线或进行气动优化.     

有机工质向心透平气动设计与变工况性能预测

本文按实际气体计算有机工质蒸气物性,编写有机工质向心透平气动设计和变工况性能预测程序,对以R123为工质的向心透平进行气动设计优化、变工况性能预测计算。通过数值实验模拟分析三维流动情况和整机性能,结果显示透平设计和性能预测结果有效、可靠,但气动设计对强激波引起的损失及气流偏转估计不足,需要改进气动设计和性能预测方法,优化叶型。     

基于NURBS的叶片全三维气动优化设计

采用NURBS对叶轮机械叶片的关键截面和基迭线进行参数化表达,该表达方法为基于现代优化算法的叶片粘性气动最优化设计提供设计变量,以实现对叶片截面和叶片基迭线弯、倾、扭、掠变形的控制。该方法编写成的叶片全三维控制模块和网格自动生成程序、CFD程序集成到商业软件iSIGHT中,构成了叶片全三维粘性气动优化设计平台。在该平台上选用ASA成功进行了某透平静叶片的全三维粘性气动最优化设计。实验结果表明通过同时改变叶片截面和叶片基迭线的方法能够有效地抑制叶片的二次流损失,因此该设计平台在叶片气动优化设计中有广阔的应用前景。     

基于流网分析的通流计算冷却模型

伴随着复合冷却技术的广泛应用,冷却透平中主流流动和传热过程的复杂耦合现象日趋显著,有必要在初步气动设计阶段充分考虑冷却对主流气动布局的影响。本文基于流网分析提出了适用于气热耦合通流方法的冷却模型,该模型可针对透平叶片进行快速流热分析,并结合主流气动参数计算结果预测掺混冷气流量分布及掺混损失分布。本文采用该冷却模型对C3X叶型进行了气热耦合通流分析,叶片表面温度分布计算值与实验结果符合良好,说明该冷却模型可应用于气热耦合通流方法,为透平初步气动设计及冷却设计提供一定的借鉴意义。     

7 MW单级跨音离心透平设计与分析

离心透平作为一种结构紧凑、气动效率较高的新型透平类型,在中小型工业汽轮机以及余能利用等场所中具有良好的应用前景。本文借鉴常规透平的气动设计方法,参考某跨音向心透平的初始设计参数,以过热蒸汽为工质,进行了单级跨音离心透平的一维气动设计。利用CFX等工具根据一维设计对透平进行动静叶优化、数值模拟,并对变工况性能进行计算分析。结果显示该单级跨音离心透平具有良好的气动性能和变工况性能,设计工况效率高达87.36%,且变工况范围较宽。     

四级涡轮多叶片排三元N-S解网络并行计算

在科学与工程计算国家重点实验室SGI工作站网络上，基于PVM并行软件平台，发展了多叶片三元N-S解并行计算程序，对一四级动力涡轮内部流场进行了计算和初步分析．     

Mitigation of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades by means of roller dampers

Edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades are lightly damped, and large amplitude vibrations induced by the turbulence may significantly shorten the fatigue life of the blade. This paper investigates the performance of roller dampers for mitigation of edgewise vibrations in rotating wind turbine blades. Normally, the centrifugal acceleration of the rotating blade can reach to a magnitude of 7–8g, which makes it possible to use this kind of damper with a relatively small mass ratio for suppressing edgewise vibrations effectively. The parameters of the damper to be optimized are the mass ratio, the frequency ratio, the coefficient of rolling friction and the position of the damper in the blade. The optimization of these parameters has been carried out on a reduced 2-DOF nonlinear model of the rotating wind turbine blade equipped with a roller damper in terms of a ball or a cylinder, ignoring the coupling with other degrees of freedom of the wind turbine. The edgewise modal loading on the blade has been calculated from a more sophisticated 13-DOF aeroelastic wind turbine model with due consideration to the indicated couplings, the turbulence and the aerodynamic damping. Various turbulence intensities and mean wind speeds have been considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the roller damper in reducing edgewise vibrations when the working conditions of the wind turbine are changed. Further, the optimized roller damper is incorporated into the 13-DOF wind turbine model to verify the application of the decoupled optimization. The results indicate that the proposed damper can effectively improve the structural response of wind turbine blades.     

国产优化300／600MW汽轮机通流部分气动设计──第一部分：设计体系与通流设计特点

本文介绍了用于大功率汽轮机通流部分气动设计的准三维／全三维设计体系。使用该设计体系把复合倾斜叶片、可控涡流型等先进的汽轮机气动设计思想，成功地应用到了３００／６００ＭＷ汽轮机的改型设计中，以期较大程度地改进机组的热力性能。     

海上风电叶片智能控制实验系统研制及控制效果分析

随着风力机大型化发展,叶片尾缘襟翼控制技术,作为叶片流场主动控制的一种有效手段,能够有效、快速、灵活地降低叶片载荷,提高风力机,特别是大型风力机的可靠性、经济性,该技术受到国内外的广泛关注.为深入了解叶片襟翼实际作用效果及降载机制,在大量数值仿真计算工作基础上,需进一步开展带有襟翼控制的模型风力机风洞实验工作.本文在相...     

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of ultrasonic de-icing system for wind turbine blade

It is widely accepted that wind energy is clean and renewable. However, icing on the blade surfaces of wind turbines is a serious problem in cold regions, which greatly affects its performance. Therefore, it is important to prevent ice accumulation on the surface of wind turbine blade and remove it whenever necessary. In this paper, a new non-thermal method–ultrasonic de-icing for wind turbine blade is proposed. Firstly, baced on the theory of ultrasonic de-icing, the harmonic analysis of the structure of the composite plate-ice layered system is investigated using the finite element method. The simulation results showed that ultrasonic de-icing method is feasible for wind turbine blade de-icing purposes. Secondly, the de-icing experiment of wind turbine blades using piezoelectric actuators is carried out in the freezer at a temperature of −15 °C, results showed that the ice layer can be debonded from the surface of wind turbine blade by the commonly used piezoelectric transducers made by PZT-5. The optimal frequency of ultrasonic de-icing of wind turbine blade is also given; finally, the installation way of ultrasonic transducers on the inner surface of wind turbine blade is given.     

Heat transfer prediction on transonic turbine blades

The design and optimization of turbine blades submitted to high-temperature flows require the prediction of aerodynamic and thermal flow characteristics. A computation method for aerothermal viscous flows has been developed. The method is based on a compressible boundary layer approach. Tests were performed on turbine blade configurations. These tests include most difficulties that can be encountered in reality: laminar-turbulent transition, separation bubbles, strong accelerations, shock waves. Predictions of the wall heat transfer prove to be satisfactory.     

Quantitative visualization of high-speed 3D turbulent flow structures using holographic interferometric tomography

Using holographic interferometry the three-dimensional structure of unsteady and large-scale motions within subsonic and transonic turbulent jet flows has been studied. The instantaneous 3D flow structure is obtained by tomographic reconstruction techniques from quantitative phase maps recorded using a rapid-switching, double reference beam, double pulse laser system. The reconstruction of the jets studied here reveal a three-dimensional nature of the flow. In particular an increasing complexity can be seen in the turbulence as the flow progresses from the jet nozzle. Furthermore, a coherent three-dimensional, possibly rotating, structure can be seen to exist within these jets. The type of flow features illustrated here are not just of fundamental importance for understanding the behavior of free jet flows, but are also common to a number of industrial applications, ranging from the combustion flow within an IC engine to the transonic flow through the stages of a gas turbine.     

扇形叶栅结构设计与应用研究

近些年,针对轴流式压气机和涡轮的叶栅实验研究越来越多,扇形叶栅实验作为叶型气动设计和性能验证的方法受到了广泛关注.本文以教研室跨音速扇形风洞为研究对象,介绍了扇形实验测试系统和试验件结构的设计,以及实验过程中遇到的问题和解决方案.文中分析了扇形叶栅收缩段出口流场均匀性对测试流场结构的影响,验证了叶栅进口安装可调导叶能够...     

基于风力机叶片铺层的频率优化设计

从叶片的铺层角度出发,编程建立了一种风力机叶片的约束优化设计模型。采用风力机叶片主梁帽的铺层厚度及位置为优化设计变量,在保证气动外形不变,满足各种约束的情况下,以获得最大一阶挥舞频率为设计目标,使用改进粒子群算法进行搜索约束优化解。结果表明:合理地设计主梁帽的铺层厚度和位置能得到更好的结果,验证了模型的有效性。优化结果对工程设计具有一定的参考价值。