聚苯胺/钛酸钡纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

采用原位复合法制备出聚苯胺/钛酸钡复合粒子,借助TEM、XRD、FT-IR、 XPS、TG等分析手段研究了复合粒子的形貌、结构及其热性能.结果表明,复合粒子的粒径为1 μm左右,BaTiO3以40 nm左右的晶粒分散于聚苯胺基体之中,聚苯胺与钛酸钡之间存在化学键合作用,同时在一定程度上减少了纳米粒子的团聚.     

超微镍粒子/聚苯胺纳米复合材料制备及其表征

反相微乳液法（inverse microemulsion systems, W/O型）是制备纳米复合材料有效而简单的液相化学制备方法[1,2].     

核-壳结构的氯化银/聚丙烯酰胺复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

用反相微乳液作为模板制备了核-壳结构的氯化锯／聚丙烯酰胺(AgCI／PAM)复合纳米粒子。透射电镜(TEM)证实复合粒子为核-壳结构，平均直径约100nm。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析显示，平均粒径约50nm的AgCl均匀分散在聚合物中。FTIR谱图表明：AgO与PAM之间存在较强的相互作用。用能级探洲光谱(Energy Detected Spectrum，EDS)和润湿分散实验比较了不同方法改性的复合粒子的表面结构与润湿性能。     

核/壳型CdTe@SiO2荧光纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

利用反相微乳法, 以巯基乙酸修饰的水溶性CdTe量子点为核, 包覆SiO₂, 制备得到核壳型CdTe@SiO₂荧光纳米复合粒子. 用紫外-可见(UV-vis)分光光度计, 荧光(PL)分光光度计, 红外(FT-IR)光谱仪, 透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段, 对得到的荧光纳米复合粒子的性能进行表征, 结果表明: 得到的CdTe@SiO₂纳米复合粒子是核壳型结构, 由SiO₂壳层包覆多个量子点, 其大小均匀, 水溶性好, 有效地提高了量子点的稳定性, 大大增强了其抗光漂白性能, 为该材料的进一步生物应用打下了良好的基础.     

聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料

由于聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料不仅同时具有纳米金和聚苯胺原有的特异性能,而且两组分之间还存在着相互协同作用,极大地提升了聚苯胺基体的性能,从而表现出突出的固有电导性、优异的反应催化性和特殊的电荷传递性,因此成为近年来的研究热点。本文综述了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的最新研究进展：归纳了聚苯胺/纳米金复合材料的制备方法和各种方法的机理,简单介绍了复合材料在生物医学、传感器和微电子装置等方面的应用,展望了今后复合材料研究的方向。     

聚苯胺/纳米二氧化锰复合材料Ⅱ.形貌表征

通过先用过硫酸铵引发苯胺的聚合,然后再将纳米二氧化锰(nm-MnO2)加入过硫酸铵和苯胺的反应体系中。原住制备了导电聚苯胺／纳米二氧化锰复合材料(PANL／nm-MnO2),并有效地避免了nm-MnO2在苯胺氧化聚合中的消耗。扫描电镜和透射电镜显示复合材料中nm-MnO2为聚苯胺所包裹。X射线衍射研究表明,在复合材料制备过程中nm-MnO2的晶型未发生变化,在复合材料中聚苯胺为非晶相结构。     

二氧化硅-聚丙烯腈核-壳结构复合纳米粒子的制备与表征

以甲基丙烯酸-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙酯改性的SiO2纳米粒子为种子,采用乳液聚合法制备了粒径分布较窄的SiO2-聚丙烯腈(SiO2-PAN)核-壳结构复合纳米粒子。采用动态光散射、傅里叶红外光谱、透射电镜和扫描电镜表征了复合纳米粒子的粒径及分布、组成、形态和结构,并研究了表面活性剂的加入方式、反应温度及交联剂的引入对制备SiO2-PAN复合纳米粒子的影响。结果表明:SiO2-PAN复合纳米粒子为核-壳结构。采用半连续加入表面活性剂的方法,可以成功抑制乳液聚合中次级粒子的生成。通过增加表面活性剂的初始加入量、加快表面活性剂的补加速率,或降低反应温度,可使SiO2-PAN复合纳米粒子的粒径变小。反应温度的降低以及交联剂的引入使SiO2-PAN复合纳米粒子的表面变得平滑。     

纳米聚苯胺及聚苯胺/金复合材料的制备与表征

以氯金酸(HAuCl4)为氧化剂,在两种不同无机酸(HCl和H2SO4)的掺杂下,通过调节反应体系中混合溶剂的醇水比例,用一步氧化苯胺聚合法成功制备了不同形貌的纳米聚苯胺及聚苯胺/金复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征.在此基础上,进一步讨论了聚苯胺/金复合材料可能的形成机理.     

以胶体粒子为模板制备核壳纳米复合粒子

核壳纳米复合粒子具有许多不同于单组分胶体粒子的独特的光、电、磁、催化等物理与化学性质,是构筑新型功能复合材料的重要组元,在光子带隙材料、微波吸收材料、电磁流变液、催化剂和生物等领域有重要应用.本文从控制核壳复合粒子的微观结构及壳层均匀性与厚度的角度,详细评述了目前以胶体粒子为模板制备粒径从纳米到微米尺度的核壳复合粒子的方法.指出利用胶体粒子模板表面与壳层物质或其前驱物间的特殊相互作用(包括静电和化学相互作用),是完善现有制备方法和发展新方法来制备具有设定组成、结构和性能的核壳复合粒子的关键,同时也是将来的粒子表面纳米工程和获取有序的、先进纳米复合材料的主要方向。     

无机-高分子磁性复合粒子的制备与表征

详细地研究了乳化剂用量对种子乳液聚合反应的影响,并成功地制备出粒径约300nm的苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚小球。另外,还报道使用化学共沉淀法使无机粒子与高分子球复合,制备出高分子球为核,无机粒子为壳层的磁性复合粒子,使用XRD、TEM等手段对此复合粒子进行了表征。同时,进一步研究了这种复合粒子悬浮液的悬浮性能以及粘度随磁场的变化情况。     

Decontamination of methylene blue from aqueous media using alginate-bonded polyacrylamide/carbon black nanocomposite hydrogel

This work synthesized the novel alginate (Alg) based nanocomposite hydrogel using the free radical polymerization method to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution. The successful grafting of acrylamide (AAm) monomer onto the alginate backbone was confirmed by the FTIR test. Different carbon black (CB) nanoparticle levels (0–12.5 wt.%) were embedded in a hydrogel matrix to enhance the removal efficiency, and its optimum value was obtained at 7.5 wt.%. FTIR, TGA, BET, and SEM analyses were performed to characterize synthesized adsorbents. TGA results showed that Alg-g-poly(AAm)/CB nanocomposite hydrogel has a higher thermal stability than Alg-g-poly(AAm) hydrogel. SEM analysis showed that incorporating CB into Alg-g-poly(AAm) considerably enhances roughness and surface area. Also, a higher surface area of Alg-g-poly(AAm)/CB (2.5 m²/g) was confirmed by BET analysis. The removal efficiency of nanocomposite hydrogel at optimum conditions of pH 6, initial concentration 10 mg/L, temperature 25 °C, and contact time 60 min was calculated at 94.63%. The kinetic and isotherm data were best fitted to pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The monolayer adsorption capacity for Alg-g-poly(AAm) and Alg-g-poly(AAm)/CB were calculated at 22.77 and 24.56 mg/g, respectively, showing CB's effectiveness in improving MB adsorption. The thermodynamic study showed that the removal process of MB by both adsorbents is spontaneous and exothermic, and entropy decreases. The synthesized adsorbents showed a good performance in textile wastewater treatment. Finally, it can be concluded that the synthesized adsorbents can be successfully applied for wastewater treatment application.     

Synthesis of polyaniline/multiwall carbon nanotube composite via inverse emulsion polymerization

The composite of polyaniline (PANI) and multiwall carbon nanotube carboxylated through acid treatment (c‐MWCNT) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization in an inverse emulsion system. The resultant composites were compared with products from aqueous emulsion polymerization to observe the improvements in electrical conductivity, structural properties, and thermal stability obtained by this synthetic method. Prior to the inverse emulsion polymerization, MWCNT was treated with a strong acid mixture to be functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. Carboxylic acid groups on surfaces induced selective dispersibility between polar and nonpolar solvents because of the increase of hydrophilicity. As the content of c‐MWCNT was increased, the electrical conductivity was increased by a charge transport function from the intrinsic electrical conductivity of MWCNT and the formation of a highly ordered dense structure of PANI molecules on the surface of c‐MWCNT. The images observed with electron spectroscopy showed the capping of c‐MWCNT with PANI. The growth of additional ordered structures of PANI/c‐MWCNT composite, which was observed through wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns, supported the capping by PANI. It was observed that the doping of the composite had a significant relationship with the concentration of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The thermal stability of PANI composite was improved by the addition of c‐MWCNT; this was thought to be related with structure ordering by inverse emulsion polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2255–2266, 2008     

共聚物酸掺杂接枝聚苯胺的研究

采用核壳乳液聚合方法合成了以甲基丙酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物酸为核,聚苯胺为壳的导电高分子复合物。复合物的电导率随着聚苯胺含量的增加而升高。用粒径分析仪、ＴＥＭ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ和ＤＳＣ对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明形成了核壳结构,由于共聚物酸起到了掺杂剂的作用,使制得的复合物能在环己酮、四氢呋喃等普通有机溶剂中有好的溶解性。     

导电聚苯胺/钙基膨润土复合材料的制备

采用插层聚合法制备了导电聚苯胺/钙基膨润土、聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料.以电导率为考核指标,通过正交设计优化了苯胺的加入量、反应温度和反应时间等参数.结果表明,苯胺的加入量影响较显著,反应温度对聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料影响较聚苯胺/钙基膨润土体系明显,反应时间的延长,有利于聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料电导率的提高.聚苯胺/钙基膨润土复合材料制备的最佳工艺条件为:苯胺加入量为70%,反应温度为0℃,反应时间为6 h;聚苯胺/有机化膨润土复合材料制备的最佳工艺条件为:苯胺加入量为70%,反应温度为室温,反应时间为8 h.利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和四探针技术表征了材料的组成、结构和性能.结果表明:膨润土经有机化后,晶面间距增大较多;苯胺单体与钙基膨润土插层聚合后,膨润土晶面间距增大不多;苯胺单体与有机化膨润土复合后,破坏了膨润土的晶格结构,形成了混杂复合体系,电导率达10-3S.cm-1.     

Fabrication of composite polyaniline/CNT nanofibers using an ultrasonically assisted dynamic inverse emulsion polymerization technique

This communication describes an ultrasonically assisted in‐situ dynamic inverse emulsion polymerization process of aniline in the presence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in toluene. During polymerization, MWNT are coated with polyaniline (PANI), forming a core‐shell structure of nano‐wires observed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The PANI coating of MWNT leads to a remarkable improvement in separation and dispersion of MWNT in toluene, which otherwise would have rapidly coagulated and settled. The presented dynamic polymerization process is very fast and produces stable clear dispersions. CNT enhances both the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of PANI. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

导电聚苯胺的热分析及粘弹性能研究

本文用热分忻的方法和粘弹谱仪对聚苯胺（ＰＡＮ）的热性能和粘弹性进行了研究．结果表明ＰＡＮ的耐热性较好，本征态（非掺杂）ＰＡＮ的玻璃化转变温度为 １３４℃，转变活化能为 ２７３ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

Mechanical and rheological properties of poly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate) as a function of carbon black content

Carbon black (CB) filled poly(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate) (EEA-CB) is used as conductive phase in conductive polymer composites (CPC). Electrical conductivity of CPC obtained from blends of immiscible polymers results from CB particles localization within the material, which depends on composition and processing conditions. It is particularly important to control viscosity of such systems as this parameter determines both the phase morphology and conductive pathway structure. The small scale, at which CB particle aggregation/dispersion phenomena occur within CPC, makes direct observations difficult. But the effect of carbon black particles/polymers interactions is clearly visible by means of rheological measurements. A strong reinforcing effect of CB on CPC in both solid and liquid states has been noticed. This phenomenon has been analyzed using classical models as a function of temperature and CB content. The results confirm the necessity of CPC rheology control especially during the process to achieve good reproducibility of electrical properties.     

Effect of carbon black content on electrical and microwave absorbing properties of polyaniline/carbon black nanocomposites

Carbon black coated with polyaniline, forming a core-shell structure, was synthesized by in situ polymerization at different carbon black contents (5-30 wt.%) and introduced into epoxy resin to be a microwave absorber. The spectroscopic characterizations of the formation processes of polyaniline/carbon black composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron spin resonance. Microwave absorbing properties were investigated by measuring reflection loss in the 2-18 and 18-40 GHz microwave frequencies range using the free space method. The results showed that a wider absorption frequency range could be obtained by adding different carbon black contents in polyaniline.     

碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及应用研究进展

碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料因其独特的电磁学、热力学和机械性能,在很多领域具有潜在应用价值.本文作者对近年来该复合材料的制备方法、性能及应用方面的研究进展进行了综述.