BN Heterosuperbenzenes: Synthesis and Properties

Replacement of C?C unit with its isoelectronic B?N unit in aromatics provides a new class of molecules with appealing properties, which have attracted great attention recently. In this Concept, we focus on BN‐substituted polycyclic aromatics with fused structures, and review their synthesis, photophysical, and redox properties, as well as their applications in organic electronics. We also present challenging synthetic targets, large BN‐ substituted polycyclic aromatics, such as regioregular BN heterosuperbenzenes, which can be viewed as BN‐doped nanographenes. Finally, we propose an atomically precise bottom‐up synthesis of structurally well‐defined BN‐doped graphenes.     

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based functional supramolecular polymers: next-generation materials for optoelectronic applications

The very concept of dye and pigment chemistry that was long known to the industrial world underwent a radical revision after the discovery and commercialization of dyes such as mauveine, indigo, and so on. Apart from their conventional role as coloring agents, organic dyes, and pigments have been identified as indispensable sources for high-end technological applications including optical and electronic devices. Simultaneous with the advancement in the supramolecular chemistry of π-conjugated systems and the divergent evolution of organic semiconductor materials, several dyes, and pigments have emerged as potential candidates for contemporary optoelectronic devices. Of all the major pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) better known as the ‘Ferrari Pigment’ and its derivatives have emerged as a major class of organic functional dyes that find varied applications in fields such as industrial pigments, organic solar cells, organic field–effect transistors, and in bioimaging. Since its discovery in 1974 by Farnum and Mehta, DPP-derived dyes gained rapid attention because of its attractive color, synthetic feasibility, ease of functionalization, and tunable optical and electronic properties. The advancement in supramolecular polymerization of DPP-based small molecules and oligomers with directed morphological and electronic features have led to the development of high performing optoelectronic devices. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in the optoelectronic applications of DPP derivatives specifically engineered to form supramolecular polymers.     

硼氮杂稠环化合物的合成与电子学应用

有机半导体材料的开发为有机电子学的发展提供了材料基础。杂原子的引入进一步丰富了材料的种类和数量。作为CC单元的等电子体,BN单元对有机半导体材料的性能调节受到了科学家们的关注。本文主要介绍了有机共轭体系中BN单键的构筑方法,以及这类硼氮杂稠环分子在有机电子学领域的应用。     

Microwave irradiation: an important tool to functionalize fullerenes and carbon nanotubes

Microwave irradiation is an important tool in the functionalization of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. These are compounds with excellent properties that make them useful for the development of optoelectronic organic devices. The applications of microwaves in the chemistry of these materials are reviewed.     

面向有机光电材料的电子激发态结构与过程的计算方法

共轭聚合物与有机分子材料中的电子激发结构与过程决定了材料的光电功能：根据Kasha规则,低能级激发态的排序决定能否发光;最低激发态至基态的辐射跃迁与无辐射跃迁之间的竞争决定了发光效率,后者主要由非绝热耦合（声子作用）决定;电荷激发态载体的传输由电子分布与振动耦合或杂质和无序的散射弛豫过程决定．本文针对有机功能材料的发光性能,介绍两种理论方法的研究进展,即可用于计算共轭聚合物激发态结构的量子化学密度矩阵重整化群方法和计算发光效率的多模耦合无辐射跃迁速率方法．这些方法被应用于有机功能材料的性能预测和分子设计中．     

Towards Artificial Visual Sensory System: Organic Optoelectronic Synaptic Materials and Devices

Developing an artificial visual sensory system requires optoelectronic materials and devices that can mimic the behavior of biological synapses. Organic/polymeric semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic synapses due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, mechanic flexibility, and biological compatibility. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in organic optoelectronic synaptic materials and devices, including their design principles, working mechanisms, and applications. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field and provide insights into potential applications of these materials and devices in next-generation artificial visual systems. By leveraging the advances in organic optoelectronic materials and devices, we can envision its future development in artificial intelligence.     

Dibenzocarbazolediimides: Synthesis,Solid Structure,Self‐Assembly Behavior,and Optoelectronic Properties

Both planar and nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted attention owing to their potential applications in optoelectronic materials. Four twist benzopicenediimides with good optoelectronic properties have been reported previously. Following on from this work, four functionalized dibenzocarbazoles have been synthesized and reported herein. The fluorescence quantum yields of these compounds were high in dichloromethane and moderate in the solid state. They have interesting self‐assembling behavior and tunable packing motifs in single crystals obtained by introducing different functional groups. Their good optoelectronic properties make them potential candidates for organic devices, bioimaging, and biolabeling.     

Synthesis of BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 Chalcogenide Perovskite Films Using Single-Phase Molecular Precursors at Moderate Temperatures

Chalcogenide perovskites have garnered interest for applications in semiconductor devices due to their excellent predicted optoelectronic properties and stability. However, high synthesis temperatures have historically made these materials incompatible with the creation of photovoltaic devices. Here, we demonstrate the solution processed synthesis of luminescent BaZrS₃ and BaHfS₃ chalcogenide perovskite films using single-phase molecular precursors at sulfurization temperatures of 575 °C and sulfurization times as short as one hour. These molecular precursor inks were synthesized using known carbon disulfide insertion chemistry to create Group 4 metal dithiocarbamates, and this chemistry was extended to create species, such as barium dithiocarboxylates, that have never been reported before. These findings, with added future research, have the potential to yield fully solution processed thin films of chalcogenide perovskites for various optoelectronic applications.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanorods: formation chemistry,growth mechanism,and tailoring of surface properties for photocatalytic activities

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the best semiconductor photocatalysts with optical band gap of 3.2 eV. The optical band gap and photocatalytic properties could be further tuned by tailoring shape, size, composition, and morphology of the nanostructures. Hydrothermal synthesis methods have been applied to produce well-controlled nanostructured TiO₂ materials with different morphologies and improved optoelectronic properties. Among various morphologies, one-dimensional (1D) TiO₂ nanostructures are of great importance in the field of energy, environmental, and biomedical because of the directional transmission properties resulting from their 1D geometry. Particularly, TiO₂ nanorods (NRs) have gained special attention because of their densely packed structure, quantum confinement effect, high aspect ratio, and large specific surface area that could specially improve the directional charge transmission efficiency. This results in the effective photogenerated charge separation and light absorption, which are really important for potential applications of TiO₂-based materials for photocatalytic and other important applications. In this review, hydrothermal syntheses of TiO₂ NRs including the formation chemistry and the growth mechanism of NRs under different chemical environments and effects of various synthesis parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, precursors, solvents etc.) on morphology and optoelectronic properties have been discussed. Recent developments in the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂ NRs and tailoring of their surface properties through various modification strategies such as defect creation, doping, sensitization, surface coating, and heterojunction formation with various functional nanomaterials (plasmonic, oxide, quantum dots, graphene-based nanomaterials, etc.) have been reported to improve the photocatalytic activities. Furthermore, applications of TiO₂ NRs/tailored TiO₂ NRs as superior photocatalysts in degradation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection have been discussed with emphasis on mechanisms of action and recent advances in the fields.     

A class of fascinating optoelectronic materials: Triarylboron compounds

Triarylboron compounds are significant optoelectronic materials due to their excellent emissive and electron-transport properties,and could be applied in organic light-emitting diodes as emissive and/or electron-transport layers.Triarylboron compounds have vacant pπ orbital and have received increasing interest as fluoride ion and cyanide ion sensors utilizing specific Lewis acid-base interaction.This review summarizes their structural characteristics,optical properties and applications in chemosensors for anions and optoelectronic devices developed in recent years and discusses the problems and prospects.     

Thiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis,Photophysics and Light-Driven Applications

Porous crystalline materials, such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have emerged as some of the most important materials over the last two decades due to their excellent physicochemical properties such as their large surface area and permanent, accessible porosity. On the other hand, thiophene derivatives are common versatile scaffolds in organic chemistry. Their outstanding electrical properties have boosted their use in different light-driven applications (photocatalysis, organic thin film transistors, photoelectrodes, organic photovoltaics, etc.), attracting much attention in the research community. Despite the great potential of both systems, porous COF materials based on thiophene monomers are scarce due to the inappropriate angle provided by the latter, which hinders its use as the building block of the former. To circumvent this drawback, researchers have engineered a number of thiophene derivatives that can form part of the COFs structure, while keeping their intrinsic properties. Hence, in the present minireview, we will disclose some of the most relevant thiophene-based COFs, highlighting their basic components (building units), spectroscopic properties and potential light-driven applications.     

Synthesis and Application of Rylene Imide Dyes as Organic Semiconducting Materials

Rylene imide dyes have been among the most promising organic semiconducting materials for several years due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and high chemical/thermal stability. In the past decades, various excellent rylene imide dyes have been developed for optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Recently, tremendous progress of perylene diimides (PDIs) and their analogues for use in OSCs has been achieved, which can be attributed to their ease of functionalization. In this review, we will mainly focus on the synthetic strategies toward to latest PDI dyes and higher rylene imide analogues. A variety of compounds synthesized from different building blocks are summarized, and some properties and applications are discussed.     

水溶性共轭聚电解质

水溶性共轭聚电解质主要是指含离子型官能团侧链的共轭聚合物,可在水或其它极性有机溶剂中能够溶解。这类化合物把传统共轭聚合物的光电性质和聚电解质的水溶性特点结合在一起,显示出的一些独特性质,可在新一代光电器件制作和化学生物荧光传感器中获得多样的应用。本文总结了近10年来报道的水溶性共轭聚电解质的结构特点和合成方法,以及对不同化学或物理条件下光物理性质的研究,归纳了它们在新一代光电器件制作和荧光传感中的应用,并在此基础上提出了水溶性共轭聚电解质研究中尚待解决的问题,并展望了水溶性共轭聚电解质的应用前景。     

Twisting of Porphyrin by Assembly in a Metal-Organic Framework yielding Chiral Photoconducting Films for Circularly-Polarized-Light Detection

While materials based on organic molecules usually have either superior optoelectronic or superior chiral properties, the combination of both is scarce. Here, a crystalline chiroptical film based on porphyrin with homochiral side groups is presented. While the dissolved molecule has a planar, thus, achiral porphyrin core, upon assembly in a metal–organic framework (MOF) film, the porphyrin core is twisted and chiral. The close packing and the crystalline order of the porphyrin cores in the MOF film also results in excellent optoelectronic properties. By exciting the Soret band of porphyrin, efficient photoconduction with a high On-Off-ratio is realized. More important, handedness-dependent circularly-polarized-light photoconduction with a dissymmetry factor g of 4.3×10⁻⁴ is obtained. We foresee the combination of such assembly-induced chirality with the rich porphyrin chemistry will enable a plethora of organic materials with exceptional chiral and optoelectronic properties.     

三芳基硼烷在有机电子学领域的研究与应用

近年来,三芳基硼烷在氟离子和氰根离子检测方面的应用受到了越来越广泛的关注.由于具有空的pπ轨道,三芳基硼烷可作为路易斯酸通过路易斯酸-碱相互作用实现对氟离子和氰根离子(路易斯碱)的高选择性检测.硼原子与氟离子或氰根离子的结合破坏了硼中心与芳香取代基的pπ-π共轭,引起三芳基硼烷光物理性质的变化.另外,三芳基硼烷具有优异的发光和载流子传输性质,已被广泛应用于有机电致发光领域,成为一类非常重要的有机光电材料.本文总结了近年来报道的三芳基硼烷的结构特点、构效关系以及在阴离子传感和有机电致发光显示器件中的应用,并在此基础上提出了三芳基硼烷在研究和应用中尚待解决的问题,展望了这类材料的应用前景.     

共轭聚合物发光和光伏材料研究进展

聚合物光电功能材料与器件因其广阔的应用前景,1990年以年来吸引了世界各国学术界的广泛关注和兴趣.聚合物光电子器件主要包括聚合物电致发光二极管、聚合物场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池等,其使用的关键材料是共轭聚合物光电子材料,包括共轭聚合物发光材料、场效应晶体管材料和光伏材料等.本文主要对共轭聚合物电致发光材料和光伏材料的研究进展进行综述,介绍了这些聚合物材料的种类、结构和性质以及在聚合物电致发光器件和聚合物太阳能电池中的应用.并讨论了当前共轭聚合物光电子材料中的关键科学问题和今后的发展方向.     

氮杂苯并菲类n-型有机半导体材料研究进展

苯并菲盘状液晶是一类新型的有机电子学材料.该类材料多数以空穴传输功能为主,能传输电子的n-型材料较少.氮杂苯并菲是与苯并菲衍生物非常相似的一种杂环化合物,材料结构中引入了氮原子,吸电子能力得到增强,是潜在的n-型有机半导体材料,具有重要的应用价值.本文系统回顾了氮杂苯并菲类盘状液晶材料的研究进展,分类讨论了材料的分子结构,其中包括二、四、六氮杂苯并菲,以及它们的合成方法和物理化学性能,论述了材料在光电子领域的最新使用进展,并在此基础上,对该类液晶材料作为n-型有机半导体在光电子器件领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

苯炔体系大环合成、自组装及其应用

含苯炔结构的大环(aryleneethynylenemacrocycle,AEMs)体系具有独特的性质和潜在的应用前景,在过去的数年中被广泛研究和探索。本文系统地介绍了AEMs的合成方法,包括不同关环方法、固相合成、模板合成和聚集驱动关环法等。在研究AEMs性质方面,重点介绍了它们的自组装性能。同时也介绍了AEMs在构造三维纳米结构、液晶、管状通道、主客体复合物等超分子化学领域的应用。     

Through-space conjugated polymers based on cyclophanes

Conjugated polymers display unique electronic and optical properties, which favor their use in applications as optoelectronic materials and molecular devices. Despite the recent remarkable progress in the chemistry of conjugated polymers, the synthesis of conjugated polymers containing cyclophane units in the main chain is limited to only a few examples. This Minireview presents recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of through-space conjugated polymers based on cyclophanes.     

Dimensional Control in Contorted Aromatic Materials

This Account details key developments in dimensional control of contorted aromatics for organic electronics. Coronene, perylene, pyrene, and [4]helicene, which are fragments of graphene, can be contorted using facile synthetic chemistry into large nanoribbons and nano‐architectures. In comparing contorted or higher‐dimensional graphene architectures to planar or lower‐dimensional species, the materials properties are reliably enhanced for the contorted aromatics. Examples of enhanced properties include optical absorptivity, conductivity, device photoconversion efficiency, and solubility. These enhancements are exemplified in organic photovoltaics, photodetectors, field effect transistors, and perovskite solar cells. Described herein are key advances in dimensional control of contorted aromatics that have resulted in world record photoconversion efficiencies, photodetection capabilities matching inorganic state‐of‐the‐art devices, and ～5 nm long ultrathin soluble graphene nanoribbons.