Studies on the Recycling Efficiency of Thermoregulated Phase-separable Rh/PETPP Complex Catalyst

Effects on the recycling efficiency of thermoregulated phase-separable Rh/PETPP(P-[p-C6H4O(CH2CH2O)nH]3,N=3n) complex catalyst involved in hydroformylation of 1-decene are for the first time presented.It was found that the loss of Rh is dependent greatly on the composition of phosphine ligand PETPP and the organic solvent employed in the reaction.     

Polyimide-silver nanocomposite containing phosphine oxide moieties in the main chain: Synthesis and properties

<正>New flame-retardant polyimide-silver nanocomposite containing phosphine oxide moiety in the main chain was synthesized by a convenient ultraviolet irradiation technique.A precursor such as AgNO_3 was used as the source of the silver particles.Polyimide 6 as a source of polymer was synthesized by polycondensation reaction of bis(3-aminophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide 4 with pyromellitic anhydride 5 in the presence of iso-quinoline as base and in m-cresol solution.The resulting composite film was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),thermogravimetry(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The average size of the nanometer Ag particles is about 10 nm.The temperature of 5 and 10%weight loss and also the char yield at 600℃of polyimide-silver nanocomposite 6a were higher than the pure PI 6.     

Organic Ligand‐Free Hydroformylation with Rh Particles as Catalyst†

Summary of main observation and conclusion An efficient and organic ligand-free heterogeneous catalytic system for hydroformylation of olefins is highly desirable for both academy and industry.In this study,simple Rh black was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins in the absence of organic ligand.The Rh black catalyst showed good catalytic activity for a broad substrate scope including the aliphatic and aromatic olefins,affording the desired aldehydes in good yields.Taking the hydroformylation of ethylene as an example,86%yield of propanal and TOF of 200 h-1 were obtained,which was superior to the reported homogeneous catalytic systems.In addition,the catalyst could be reused five times without loss of activity under identical reaction conditions,and the Rh leaching was negligible after each cycle.     

Water/Oil Diphasic Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins over a TPPTS-Rh/SiO_2 Catalyst

A novel TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst, prepared by directly modifying a heterogeneous high-surface-area Rh/SiO2 catalyst with water-soluble TPPTS ligands, could decrease the resistance of mass transfer in water/oil biphasic media for the hydroformylation of higher olefins. The catalytic performance for hydroformylation on this biphasic TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst system was higher than those of the traditional biphasic HRhCO(TPPTS)3 systems, owing to the chemical bonds between the highly dispersed Rh metal particles and the TPPTS ligands. The catalyst system is applicable for hydroformylation of higher olefins such as 1-dodecene.     

Water／Oil Biphasic Hydroformylation of Higher Olefins over a TPPTS-Rh／SiO2 Catalyst

A novel TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst, prepared by directly modifying a heterogeneous high-surface-area Rh/SiO2 catalyst with water-soluble TPPTS ligands, could decrease the resistance of masstransfer in water/oil biphasic media for the hydroformylation of higher olefins. The catalytic performancefor hydroformylation on this biphasic TPPTS-Rh/SiO2 catalyst system was higher than those of thetraditional biphasic HRhCO(TPPTS)3 systems, owing to the chemical bonds between the highly dispersedRh metal particles and the TPPTS ligands. The catalyst system is applicable for hydroformylation ofhigher olefins such as 1-dodecene.     

Propylene Dimerization by（η^5—C9H7）2 Nickel（Ⅱ）Catalytic System

The catalytic performance of Ni(η^5-Ind)2 complex in the dimerization of propylene was studied in combimation with an organoaluminum co-catalyst,eventually in the presence of a phosphine ligand.The effects of the type of aluminum co-catalyst and its relative amount,the nature of phosphine ligand and P/Ni ratio as well as the reaction temperature were examined.The results indicated that the nickel precatalyst exhibited high productivity for the propylene dimerization together with organoaluminum.It was likely to strongly modify the reactivity in the catalytic sytem when using phosphine ligand as additives,especially at the reaction temperature below 0℃.The catalytic system based on Ni(η^5-Ind)2 complex displaed an extremely high productivity(TOF up to 16900h^-1)and a good regioselectivity to 2,3-dimethylbutenes (2,3-DMB) in dimers(66.4%)under proper reaction parameters.     

Determination of methylene blue by resonance light scattering method using silica nanoparticles as probe

A simple and novel method was developed to determine methylene blue(MB) by resonance light scattering(RLS) using silica nanoparticles(SiO_2NPs) as the probe.It was found that MB could enhance the RLS intensity of SiO_2NPs.Moreover,the increase in RLS intensity was linear with the concentration of MB over the range of 0.01-3.0 μg mL~(-1).The limit of detection(LOD) was as low as 4.36 ng mL~(-1)(3σ) and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 2.4%(n=6).Under the optimum experimental conditions,this proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of MB in aquaculture samples with recoveries between 96.3% and 107%.Possible mechanisms for the RLS enhancement of SiO_2NPs in the presence of MB were also discussed.     

A novel thermoregulated phosphine ligand used for the Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of mixed C11~12 olefins in aqueous/organic biphasic system

<正>A novel thermoregulated phosphine ligand Ph_2P(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_3(n=22) was synthesized and used for the Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of mixed C_(11-12) olefins in aqueous/organic biphasic system.Under the optimized conditions,pressure =5 MPa (H_2:CO=1:1),phosphine/Rh =13(molar ratio),reaction time =6 h and temperature =130℃,the conversion of C_(11-12) olefins and the yield of aldehyde are 99%and 94%,respectively.The catalyst retained in aqueous phase can be easily separated from the product-containing organic phase by simple phase separation and the catalytic activity remains almost constant after four consecutive cycles.     

Optically active helical polyisocyanides bearing chiral phosphine pendants: Facile synthesis and application in enantioselective Rauhut-Currier reaction

Three novel enantiopure phenyl isocyanide monomers with BH3-protected phosphine functional group were designed and synthesized.Polymerization of these monomers using a alkyne-Pd(Ⅱ) complex as a catalyst led to the formation of respective helical polyisocyanides in high yields with controlled molecular weights (Mns) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mns).Removing the protecting BH3 groups afforded helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s bearing phosphine pendants.Thanks to the chiral induction of monomer,the isolated helical polyisocyanides showed high optical activity,as revealed by circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectroscopies and polarimetry.The helical structures of these polymers were quite stable in various organic solvents with different polarities and in a wide temperature range.Moreover,these helical polymers could be used as organocatalysts and showed good performance in enantioselective cross Rauhut-Currier reaction.The enantiomeric excess (ee) values of the isolated products of cross Rauhut-Currier reaction could be up to 90％.The polymer organocatalysts could be easily recovered from the reaction mixtures and reused at least five times in the reaction without significant loss of their enantioselectivities and catalytic activities.     

Direct Immobilization of Phosphine-Rhodium Complex on MCM-41 for Propene Hydroformylation

IntroductionHeterogenization of HRh( CO) ( PPh3 ) 3 ( PPh3 :triphenylphosphine) for hydroformylation andselective hydrogenation has received considerableattention in the past several decades from bothacademic and industrial interests[1] . Besides themilestone preparation of water- soluble TPPTS andthe corresponding rhodium- phosphine complexessuch as HRh( CO) ( TPPTS) 3 ( 1 ) [2 ,3 ] ,supportedliquid- phase catalysts ( SLPC) [4— 6] and supportedaqueous- phase catalysts ( SAPC) [7]…     

硅胶键合膦的制备及其对铑络合物催化1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应的影响

以硅胶为载体, 采用键合接枝法将2-(二苯膦基)乙基三乙氧基硅烷(DPPES)共价键合于硅胶表面, 制备了性能优良的硅胶键合型膦配体(以SiO₂(PPh₂)表示). 以SiO₂(PPh₂)为配体, Rh(acac)(CO)₂ (acac:乙酰丙酮)为催化前体, 负载铑膦络合物催化剂(SiO₂(PPh₂)/Rh)在1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应中原位生成. 对生成的负载型催化剂和硅胶键合型膦配体进行了傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱表征, 考察了膦/铑摩尔浓度比([P]/[Rh])、温度等因素对铑催化的长链1-辛烯氢甲酰化反应的影响. 结果表明, 膦/铑摩尔浓度比的增加能显著提高反应的成醛选择性, 降低铑的流失. 在[P]/[Rh]=12、363 K、2.0 MPa、1.5 h 的温和反应条件下, 1-辛烯转化率和成醛选择性分别可达98.4%和95.3%, 其催化活性与DPPES或三苯基膦(TPP)作配体时的均相铑催化相近. 催化剂循环4 次后, 反应活性无明显下降, 1-辛烯转化率均在97.0%左右, 经电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)检测,有机相中铑流失低于0.1%.     

Nafion-汞膜化学修饰电极测定GPT的研究

Ｎａｆｉｏｎ－汞膜化学修饰电极测定ＧＰＴ的研究金利通,叶建山,史占玲,方禹之（华东师范大学化学系,上海,２０００６２）关键词Ｎａｆｉｏｎ－汞膜化学修饰电极,谷丙转氨酶,α－酮戊二酸正常人血清中转氨酶活力很小,而组织中转氨酶活力很高．当组织病变时,细胞...     

Phosphinoethyl-sulfonatoalkylthioethers and diphenyl-ω-sulfonatoalkyl-phosphines as ligands and polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene triblock co-polymers as promoters in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-dodecene in aqueous two-phase systems

The rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-dodecene was investigated with a series of sulfonated water-soluble phosphine ligands at a pressure of 60 bar CO/H₂ and a temperature of 120 °C. Seven different groups of water-soluble phosphines were used for our investigations. We established an optimized ligand/rhodium ratio of 5 for the phosphines 1a, [Ph₂P(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂SO₃Na], and 1b, [Ph₂P(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃SO₃Na]. The utilized arylphosphino-thioether-alkylsulfonates formed with Rh(I) compounds highly active catalysts which could be recycled. The addition of detergents speeds up the hydroformylation reaction, but disturbs the phase separation (recycling). The best promotion effect and the smallest negative influence on phase separation gave polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene triblock co-polymers. The ratio of 1-dodecene/rhodium could be increased up to 10.000 and we achieved turnover numbers (TONs)>50.000 without any surfactant and TONs of about 65.000 in presence of the co-polymers owing to the recycling on the catalytic system.     

α-Fe_2O_3 immobilized benzimidazolium tribromide as novel magnetically retrievable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines

Nanostructured α-Fe_2O_3 were prepared by precipitation followed by calcination method.Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) was used as surfactant.The nano α-Fe_2O_3 was then silanized with(3-chloropropyl)-triethoxysilane(CPTES) by room temperature mixing of α-Fe_2O_3 and CPTES to produce silane coated α-Fe_2O_3(ClPr-Si@Fe_2O_3).As-synthesized ClPr-Si@Fe_2O_3 was functionalized via covalent grafting of benzimidazole to produce 3-(l-benzimidazole)Pr-Si@Fe_2O_3.This was further reacted with bromine to afford α-Fe_2O_3 immobilized benzimidazolium tribromide(α-Fe_2O_3-BIM tribromide).This ionic liquid(IL)α-Fe_2O_3 BIM tribromide was characterized by FT-IR,XRD,TEM,SEM,TGA,VSM,EDX and BET analysis.The as-synthesized IL tribromide was used as catalyst for one-pot synthesis of highly substituted piperidines.The method is greener in terms of solvent selection,recovery of the catalyst and efficiency.     

化学镀镍体系次亚磷酸钠氧化中间产物的ESR研究

化学镀镍是借助 Na H2 PO2 在具有催化活性金属表面的阳极氧化将溶液中的镍离子还原成金属镍 .伴随镍的沉积 ,表面同时有氢气析出 .同位素研究表明 [1,2 ] ,析出的氢气一部分为溶液中 H+或 H2 O的阴极还原 ,另一部分来自 Na H2 PO2 的阳极氧化过程 .Meerakker等[3～ 5 ] 认为 ,Na H2 PO2 的氧化经历了H2 PO-2 H+ HPO-.2 异相前置转化步骤 ,HPO-.2 阴离子自由基发生阳极氧化的同时伴有 H复合生成氢气过程 .而另一些研究者 [6～ 8] 认为 ,Na H2 PO2 的氧化过程为 H2 PO-2 + H2 O H2 PO-3 + 2 H,仅有 H自由基生成 ,并不产生 H…     

Ca2+诱导的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子的生物活性和结构变化

在研究Ca²⁺对淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子生物活性影响的基础上, 采用荧光光谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了Ca²⁺诱导的酶分子结构变化. 结果表明, 当溶液中Ca²⁺浓度低于25.0 mmol/L时, Ca²⁺对酶分子具有激活作用; 而当Ca²⁺浓度高于25.0 mmol/L时, Ca²⁺对酶分子的生物活性具有抑制作用. 在Ca²⁺诱导的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子结构变化过程中, 酶分子仅发生二级结构的变化, 并不涉及其三级结构. 当Ca²⁺对酶分子具有激活作用时, 酶分子中的无规卷曲结构及β-折叠结构的含量下降, 而α-螺旋结构及β-转角结构的含量上升; 而当Ca²⁺对酶分子生物活性具有抑制作用时, 酶分子中的α-螺旋结构及β-转角结构的含量下降, 而无规卷曲结构及β-折叠结构的含量上升.     

水热合成制备Al掺杂α-MnO2纳米管及其超级电容器电化学性能

通过水热法制备了未掺杂α-MnO₂和Al 掺杂α-MnO₂, 对产物的形貌、结构和电化学性能进行了研究. 扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)观察表明制备产物呈纳米管形态. 紫外-可见光谱分析计算了产物的能带间隙: 随着Al 的掺杂, α-MnO₂的能带间隙值降低. 以未掺杂α-MnO₂与Al 掺杂α-MnO₂作为电极材料, 通过循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电测试电极的超级电容器性能. 在50 mA·g^-1电流密度下, 未掺杂α-MnO₂与Al 掺杂α-MnO₂电极的比电容分别达到了204.8 和228.8 F·g^-1. 电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析表明Al 的掺杂降低了α-MnO₂在电解液中的阻抗, 有利于提高其电化学比电容. 增强的比电容及在1000个循环后仍具有良好的容量保持率,使Al 掺杂α-MnO₂在超级电容器中具有较好的应用前景.     

助剂CuO和La2O3对NiO/α-Al2O3甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气引发过程的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了NiO/α-Al₂O₃、NiO-CuO/α-Al₂O₃和NiO-La₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃三种催化剂,运用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）技术考察了助剂CuO和La₂O₃对NiO/α-Al₂O₃甲烷催化部分氧化（CPOM）反应引发过程的影响。结果表明,无论是否经过预还原处理,NiO/α-Al₂O₃催化剂在CH₄/O₂混合气氛下进行程序升温表面反应（CH₄/O₂-TPSR）时,即使升高到910℃也不能引发CPOM反应。添加助剂CuO或La₂O₃后,NiO-CuO/α-Al₂O₃和NiO-La₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃催化剂在CH₄/O₂-TPSR过程中均可以引发CPOM反应。原因分别是CuO促进了CH₄对NiO的还原以及抑制了O₂对Ni0的再氧化,La₂O₃减小了Ni晶粒粒径和还原时扩散阻力促进NiO的还原。     

Synthesis of α-Bromine- Terminated Polystyrene Macroinitiator and Its Initiation of MMA Polymerization by ATRP

In the present paper the synthesis of block copolymers via the transformation from living anionic polymerization (LAP) to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was described. Α-Bromine-terminated polystyrenes(PStBr) in the LAP step was prepared by using n-BuLi as initiator, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the activator, α-methylstyrene (α-MeSt) as the capping group and liquid bromine (Br2) as the bromating agent. The effects of reaction conditions such as the amounts of α-MeSt, THF, and Br2 as well as molecular weight of polystyrene on the bromating efficiency (BE) and coupling extent (CE) were examined. The present results show that the yield of PStBr obtained was more than 93.8% and the coupling reaction was substantially absent. PStBr was further used as the macroinitiator in the polymerization of methyl-methacrylate(MMA) in the presence of copper(Ⅰ) halogen and 2,2-bipyridine(bpy) complexes. It was found that the molecular weight of the resulted PSt-b-PMMA increased linearly with the increase of the conversion of MMA and the polydispersity was 1.2-1.6. The structures of PStBr and P(St-b-MMA) were characterized by 1H NMR spectra.