FPM改进算法及在应力波传播问题中的应用A specified improved algorithm for Finite Particle Method and its application to wave propagation

有限粒子法(FPM)是传统SPH方法的重要发展,大大提高了边界区域粒子的计算精度。然而在迭代计算过程中,高耗时和潜在的数值不稳定性是制约FPM应用的关键因素。通过对FPM基本方程进行矩阵分解,建立了一种特殊格式的FPM改进算法。该方法保持FPM方法在边界区域较高计算精度的同时,成功地规避了传统FPM方法对系数矩阵可逆性的限制,大大提高了计算效率。最后,将改进算法在一维应力波传播问题中予以实现,获得了较好的数值结果。     

完全拉格朗日SPH在冲击问题中的改进和应用

光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics, SPH)在模拟固体大变形、破碎和裂纹扩展等问题中有天然的优势,但SPH固有的拉伸不稳定缺陷是SPH在计算固体力学领域进一步应用的一大障碍.完全拉格朗日SPH (total Lagrangian-SPH, TL-SPH)方法是一种有效的改善拉伸不稳定的措施,但其仍面临边界区域精度低、界面条件难以施加、损伤裂纹难以模拟等缺陷.因此,首先将可达到二阶精度的高阶SPH方法与TLSPH耦合,为了节省高阶方法的计算量,进一步简化粒子选取模式,提出TL-SFPM (TL-simplified finite particle method)方法;其次,将可提高界面精度的DFPM (discontinuous finite particle method)方法与TL-SPH结合,并提出一种基于黎曼解的界面接触算法,通过在不同材料粒子间建立黎曼模型求解不同材料间的相互作用,分别应用于流体-固体接触和固体-固体接触中;再者,为了捕捉固体受外载荷后的损伤程度及破坏模式,提出一种完全拉格朗日框架下的粒子损伤破坏模型;最后,通过...     

一种SPH应力修正算法及自由表面流中的应用

提出了一种SPH应力修正算法,即模型中的拉应力和压应力分别采用不同的插值核函数和状态方程来处理,改善应力稳定性问题。介绍了一种改进的Quintic核函数,用于改善模型中压应力的稳定性。通过增加钟型核函数的光滑长度,改善模型中拉应力的稳定性。采用该应力修正算法模拟了无重力条件下方形液滴的震荡变形过程,对比分析了不同算法的模拟结果。此外,为进一步验证算法的适用性,模拟了溃坝算例。研究表明,改进的Quintic型核函数明显改善了粒子聚集现象,该SPH应力修正方法可以使液滴具有更均匀的粒子分布以及更光滑的自由表面,有效改善了SPH方法中的压应力不稳定作用以及自由表面流的模拟精度。     

SPH方法在模拟线弹性波传播中的运用

通过对固体中波动问题的模拟建立了一种光滑粒子法的新形式,一种运用SPH的核函数的类似有限体积法的计算方法。通过对统计体积的修正以及对边界粒子的核函数修正,较好地解决了SPH方法中长期以来制约其被广泛应用的主要问题之一边界条件的表述。在此基础上成功地在光滑粒子法中实现了透射边界条件的模拟。同时利用反卷积修正使得较大粒子间距下的计算结果的精度大大提高。这种方法不但保持了SPH的简单性,而且很容易实现应力边界条件。     

光滑粒子动力学方法的发展与应用

光滑粒子动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)是一种拉格朗日型无网格粒子方法,已经成功地应用到了工程和科学的众多领域.SPH使用粒子离散及代表所模拟的介质,并且基于粒子体系估算和近似介质运动的控制方程.本文分析和综述了SPH模拟方法的发展历程、数值方法与应用进展.介绍了SPH方法的基本思想;从连续性、边界处理、稳定性和计算效率4个方面阐述了SPH方法的研究现状;介绍了SPH方法近年来在可压缩流动、不可压缩流动以及弹塑性材料高速变形与失效方面的一些典型应用;并对SPH方法的发展与应用进行了预测与展望.      

横观各向同性体应力波传播问题的特征分析

本文根据广义特征理论,对横观各向同性体轴对称弹性波传播问题进行了理论分析。提出了一个简化特征分析的方法,这种方法将成为应用特征线法求解各类各向异性应力波问题的一个突破口。     

自适应SDV-UPF算法及其在紧组合中的应用

针对粒子滤波存在重要性密度函数难以选取和系统状态协方差阵可能出现的负定性问题,提出一种新的自适应奇异值分解无迹粒子滤波(ASVD-UPF)算法。该算法采用自适应因子修正动力学模型误差,通过奇异值分解抑制系统状态协方差矩阵的负定性,并以改进的UKF算法产生重要性密度函数,以弥补粒子滤波的缺陷,使该算法适用于非线性、非高斯系统模型的滤波计算。将提出的算法应用到所设计的GPS/SINS/PL紧组合导航系统中进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出算法的经、纬度误差、速度误差和姿态误差范围分别控制在(-0.5″,+0.5″)、(-0.8 m/s,+0.8 m/s)和(-1′,+1′)以内,误差估计的精度和收敛速度明显优于UKF和PF算法,能提高组合导航系统的解算精度。     

改进的粒子滤波在列车组合定位系统中的应用

为了克服粒子退化现象,将奇异值分解Unscented卡尔曼滤波（SVD-UKF）和粒子滤波相结合,利用SVD-UKF得到粒子滤波的重要性分布,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。该算法将最新观测信息引入到状态估计中,不但使估计精度优于常规的粒子滤波,而且继承了奇异值分解数值稳定性好的优点,因而具有较强的鲁棒性。将该算法应用到列车组合定位系统,与经典粒子滤波进行仿真比较,结果表明,提出的改进粒子滤波算法导航定位精度高,算法稳定性好。     

应力波在变截面体中的传播特性

对应力波在变截面体中的传播特性进行了理论研究和数值分析。以杆中一维纵波波动理论和谐波分析法为基础，研究截面变化所导致的应力波的波形弥散和波幅变化。推导了与截面变化相关的应力波演化因子，并对由于截面变化所造成的几何弥散等二维效应进行了分析，同时计算了变截面体的几何特征参数和截面变化等因素影响应力波演化规律的特点。     

非线性应力波传播理论的发展及应用

应力波传播理论是分析结构和材料在爆炸/冲击载荷作用下的响应及破坏特性的基础,在国防和民用工程上有重大价值.论文对作者们近半个世纪来在非线性应力波传播理论的发展及其工程应用方面所开展的主要研究作一回顾和讨论,包括:几类非线性应力波相互作用及失效,非线性粘弹性波传播理论及应用,动态破坏和应力波相互作用,以及应力波理论在防护工程中的应用等.     

On the numerical convergence and performance of different spatial discretization techniques for transient elastodynamic wave propagation problems

We present a systematic investigation of several discretization approaches for transient elastodynamic wave propagation problems. This comparison includes a Finite Difference, a Finite Volume, a Finite Element, a Spectral Element and the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method. Numerical examples are given for simple geometries with normalized parameters, for heterogeneous materials as well as for structures with arbitrarily shaped material interfaces. General conclusions regarding the accuracy of the methods are presented. Based on the essential numerical examples an expansion of the results to a wide range of problems and thus to numerous fields of application is possible.     

A residual method of finite differencing for the elliptic transport problem and its application to cavity flow

A residual method of finite differencing the governing differential equation for the elliptic transport problem is presented. The new finite differencing technique is applied to (1) the one-dimensional transport problem and (2) the cavity flow problem for numerical illustrations. The results indicate the validity of the residual method of finite differencing. The usual method of term-by-term finite differencing, and considerations such as central differencing, hybrid differencing and upwind differencing are not needed in the present residual method.     

A stabilized formulation for the advection–diffusion equation using the Generalized Finite Element Method

This paper presents a stable formulation for the advection–diffusion equation based on the Generalized (or eXtended) Finite Element Method, GFEM (or X‐FEM). Using enrichment functions that represent the exponential character of the exact solution, smooth numerical solutions are obtained for problems with steep gradients and high Péclet numbers in one‐ and two‐dimensions. In contrast with traditional stabilized methods that require the construction of stability parameters and stabilization terms, the present work avoids numerical instabilities by improving the classical Galerkin solution with enrichment functions (that need not be polynomials) using GFEM, which is an instance of the partition of unity framework. This work also presents a strategy for constructing enrichment functions for problems involving complex geometries by employing a global–local‐type approach. Representative numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A globally well-posed finite element algorithm for aerodynamics applications

A finite element CFD algorithm is developed for Euler and Navier-Stokes aerodynamic applications. For the linear basis, the resultant approximation is at least second-order-accurate in time and space for synergistic use of three procedures: (1) a Taylor weak statement, which provides for derivation of companion conservation law systems with embedded dispersion-error control mechanisms; (2) a stiffly stable second-order-accurate implicit Rosenbrock-Runge-Kutta temporal algorithm; and (3) a matrix tensor product factorization that permits efficient numerical linear algebra handling of the terminal large-matrix statement. Thorough analyses are presented regarding well-posed boundary conditions for inviscid and viscous flow specifications. Numerical solutions are generated and compared for critical evaluation of quasi-one- and two-dimensional Euler and Navier-Stokes benchmark test problems. Of critical importance, essentially non-oscillatory solutions are uniformly attained for a range of supercritical flow situations with shocks.     

A Hybrid Boundary/Finite Element Method for Simulating Viscous Flows and Shapes of Droplets in Electric Fields

A mixed boundary element and finite element numerical algorithm for the simultaneous prediction of the electric fields, viscous flow fields, thermal fields and surface deformation of electrically conducting droplets in an electrostatic field is described in this paper. The boundary element method is used for the computation of the electric potential distribution. This allows the boundary conditions at infinity to be directly incorporated into the boundary integral formulation, thereby obviating the need for discretization at infinity. The surface deformation is determined by solving the normal stress balance equation using the weighted residuals method. The fluid flow and thermal fields are calculated using the mixed finite element method. The computational algorithm for the simultaneous prediction of surface deformation and fluid flow involves two iterative loops, one for the electric field and surface deformation and the other for the surface tension driven viscous flows. The two loops are coupled through the droplet surface shapes for viscous fluid flow calculations and viscous stresses for updating the droplet shapes. Computing the surface deformation in a separate loop permits the freedom of applying different types of elements without complicating procedures for the internal flow and thermal calculations. Tests indicate that the quadratic, cubic spline and spectral boundary elements all give approximately the same accuracy for free surface calculations; however, the quadratic elements are preferred as they are easier to implement and also require less computing time. Linear elements, however, are less accurate. Numerical simulations are carried out for the simultaneous solution of free surface shapes and internal fluid flow and temperature distributions in droplets in electric fields under both microgravity and earthbound conditions. Results show that laser heating may induce a non-uniform temperature distribution in the droplets. This non-uniform thermal field results in a variation of surface tension along the surface of the droplet, which in turn produces a recirculating fluid flow in the droplet. The viscous stresses cause additional surface deformation by squeezing the surface areas above and below the equator plane.     

连续矩形簿板弯曲和稳定的新法则

本文推广文献[1、2]结果,对变刚度连续矩形薄板弯曲和稳定计算提出了一个新法则,算例表明此法简明有效。     

A Finite Element Method for the Determination of Optimal Viscoelastic Material Properties from Indentation Tests of Polymer Film and Wire with Polymer Insulation

The time-dependent behavior of bulk polymer film and wire with polymer insulation is studied using indentation. The indenter is displaced into the material at a constant rate and then held at a fixed indentation depth to monitor load relaxation. A finite element simulation of the experiment is performed; this analysis is parameterized in terms of the unknown shear compliance modeled as a Prony series. An optimization method is then presented to determine the unknown material parameters by minimizing the RMS error between the model and the experimental data. The method is demonstrated with poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films after thermal aging and pristine polyethylene sheet; excellent agreement between the model and the data is demonstrated. The method is also demonstrated to successfully characterize the material properties for the compression of a wire with PVC insulation; the resulting properties are then shown to adequately predict the crossed-cylinder indentation behavior of the same wire using a 3D finite element model. The chief benefit of the method is that an analytical solution method is not required for its implementation; as such, the optimization approach can be readily applied to the determination of material properties from arbitrarily complex experimental geometries.

A Hybrid Domain Decomposition and Multigrid Method for the Acceleration of Compressible Viscous Flow Calculations on Unstructured Triangular Meshes

This paper is concerned with the formulation and the evaluation of a hybrid solution method that makes use of domain decomposition and multigrid principles for the calculation of two-dimensional compressible viscous flows on unstructured triangular meshes. More precisely, a non-overlapping additive domain decomposition method is used to coordinate concurrent subdomain solutions with a multigrid method. This hybrid method is developed in the context of a flow solver for the Navier-Stokes equations which is based on a combined finite element/finite volume formulation on unstructured triangular meshes. Time integration of the resulting semi-discrete equations is performed using a linearized backward Euler implicit scheme. As a result, each pseudo time step requires the solution of a sparse linear system. In this study, a non-overlapping domain decomposition algorithm is used for advancing the solution at each implicit time step. Algebraically, the Schwarz algorithm is equivalent to a Jacobi iteration on a linear system whose matrix has a block structure. A substructuring technique can be applied to this matrix in order to obtain a fully implicit scheme in terms of interface unknowns. In the present approach, the interface unknowns are numerical fluxes. The interface system is solved by means of a full GMRES method. Here, the local system solves that are induced by matrix-vector products with the interface operator, are performed using a multigrid by volume agglomeration method. The resulting hybrid domain decomposition and multigrid solver is applied to the computation of several steady flows around a geometry of NACA0012 airfoil.     

A closed-form, hierarchical, multi-interphase model for composites—Derivation, verification and application to nanocomposites

A closed form Hierarchical Multi-interphase Model (HMM) based on the classical elasticity theory is proposed to study the influence of the interphase around inclusions on the enhancement mechanism of composites in the elastic regime. The HMM is verified by three-dimensional Finite Element simulations and highly consistent results are obtained for the cases with relatively low stiffness ratios (SR) between the inclusions and the matrix (SR<100). For cases with large SRs (up to 10,000), the HMM with the assumption of ellipsoidal inclusions provides a lower bound for the stiffnesses of composites enhanced by non-ellipsoidal particles with the same aspect ratio of inclusions. The Modified Hierarchical Multi-interphase Model (MHMM) is developed by introducing morphology parameters to the HMM, to capture the high morphology sensitivity of composites at high SRs with the non-uniform stress-strain fields. In addition, one important feature of the HMM and the MHMM is the particle-size dependency. As an application of this model to predict size effects and shape effects, the enhancement efficiencies of three typical inclusions - sphere, fiber-like particle and platelet - at different scales, are studied and compared, producing useful information about the morphology optimization at the nano-scale.