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近年来,对纳米二氧化钛光催化材料的研究主要集中在如何提高其光催化效率和开发新的应用领域。在介绍了半导体光催化技术、纳米二氧化钛主要制备方法的同时,从纳米材料复合体系、复杂结构以及晶面诱导等方面列举了最新的提高纳米二氧化钛催化活性的改性方法,最后重点阐述了纳米二氧化钛光催化材料的应用领域和发展瓶颈。 相似文献
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以共沉淀法制备的铁酸铝和溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化钛粉体作为前驱体, 合成了铁酸铝-二氧化钛纳米复合材料, 通过曙红染料和甲基橙的光催化降解来评价该纳米复合材料的光催化活性, 并与单一二氧化钛的光催化性能进行了比较. 实验结果表明: 无论是紫外光还是太阳光的激发下, 铁酸铝-二氧化钛纳米复合材料的光催化活性均优于同样条件下所制备的单一二氧化钛纳米材料, 理想的铁酸铝掺杂浓度分别是1.0%(紫外光)和9.0%(太阳光). 由于在二氧化钛基体中掺入铁酸铝纳米粒子, 既可以促进光生载流子的电荷分离, 又可以使二氧化钛的光响应波长向可见光区域拓展, 提高了太阳能利用率, 从而使其在太阳光下具有更优越的光催化活性. 相似文献
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非金属改性可见光诱导的TiO2光催化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为拓展二氧化钛的光响应波长范围并提高其光催化活性,通常采用掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子的方法。大量研究表明,掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子往往以损失TiO2光催化剂在紫外光区的光催化活性为代价,而掺杂非金属离子不但能将TiO2的光响应波长拓展至可见光区域外,还能保持在紫外光区的光催化活性,在利用太阳光光催化方面展现出崭新的应用前景。本文综述了非金属氮、碳、硫、氟等掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化的最新进展。 相似文献
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为拓展二氧化钛的光响应波长范围并提高其光催化活性,通常采用掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子的方法。大量研究表明,掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子往往以损失TiO2光催化剂在紫外光区的光催化活性为代价,而掺杂非金属离子不但能将TiO2的光响应波长拓展至可见光区域外,还能保持在紫外光区的光催化活性,在利用太阳光光催化方面展现出崭新的应用前景。本文综述了非金属氮、碳、硫、氟等掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化的最新进展。 相似文献
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为拓展二氧化钛的光响应波长范围并提高其光催化活性,通常采用掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子的方法.大量研究表明,掺杂金属、金属氧化物或金属离子往往以损失TiO2光催化剂在紫外光区的光催化活性为代价,而掺杂非金属离子不但能将TiO2的光响应波长拓展至可见光区域外,还能保持在紫外光区的光催化活性,在利用太阳光光催化方面展现出崭新的应用前景.本文综述了非金属氮、碳、硫、氟等掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化的最新进展. 相似文献
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太阳光驱动的光催化分解水产氢是利用太阳能解决当前能源危机和环境问题的理想策略.二氧化钛由于其稳定、环境友好和成本低等优点受到广泛研究,在光催化领域具有不可或缺的作用.然而,纯二氧化钛光催化剂具有光生电子-空穴复合率高、太阳能利用率低等缺点,使其在光催化产氢领域的应用受到限制.迄今为止,人们探索了多种改性策略来提高二氧化钛的光催化活性,如贵金属负载、金属或非金属元素掺杂、构建异质结等.通过复合两个具有合适能带排布的半导体来构建异质结可以大大提高光生载流子的分离,被认为是一种有效的解决方案.最近提出了一种新的S型异质结概念,以解释不同半导体异质界面载流子转移分离的问题.S型异质结是在传统Ⅱ型和Z型(液相Z型、全固态Z型、间接Z型、直接Z型)基础上提出的,但又扬长避短,优于传统Ⅱ型和Z型.通常,S型异质结是由功函数较小、费米能级较高的还原型半导体光催化剂和功函数较大、费米能级较低的氧化型半导体光催化剂构建而成.三氧化钨禁带宽度较小(2.4-2.8 eV),功函数较大,是典型的氧化型光催化剂,也是构建S型异质结的理想半导体光催化剂.根据S型电荷转移机制,三氧化钨/二氧化钛复合物在光辐照下,三氧化钨导带上相对无用的电子与二氧化钛价带上相对无用的空穴复合,二氧化钛导带上还原能力较强的电子和三氧化钨价带上氧化能力较强的空穴得以保留,从而在异质界面上实现了氧化还原能力较强的光生电子-空穴对的分离.同时,石墨烯作为一种蜂窝状碳原子二维材料,是理想的电子受体,在异质结光催化剂中能及时转移电子.而且,石墨烯具有较好的导热性和电子迁移率,光吸收强,比表面积大,可为光催化反应提供丰富的吸附和活性位点,已经被认为是一种重要催化剂载体和光电分解水产氢的有效共催化剂.本文采用简便的一步水热法制备石墨烯修饰的三氧化钨/二氧化钛S型异质结光催化剂.光催化产氢性能测试表明,三氧化钨/二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料的光催化产氢速率显著提高(245.8μmol g^-1 h^-1),约为纯TiO2的3.5倍.高分辨透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱结果证明了TiO2和WO3纳米颗粒的紧密接触,并成功负载在还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)上.X射线光电子能谱中Ti 2p结合能的增加证实TiO2和WO3之间强的相互作用和S型异质结的形成.此外,复合材料中的rGO大大拓展了复合物的光吸收范围(紫外-可见漫反射光谱),增强了光热转换效应,而且rGO与TiO2之间形成肖特基结,促进了TiO2导带电子的转移和分离.总之,WO3和TiO2的S型异质结与TiO2和rGO之间的肖特基异质结的协同效应抑制了相对有用的电子和空穴的复合,有利于氧化还原能力较强的载流子的分离和进一步转移,加速了表面产氢动力学,于是增强了三元复合光催化剂的光催化产氢活性. 相似文献
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二氧化钛(TiO_2)因廉价、无毒、化学性质稳定以及具有较强的光催化氧化还原能力,在光催化领域占据着重要的地位。然而,可见光利用率低以及光生电子-空穴对的快速复合是限制其应用的2个主要因素。二氧化钛基Z型异质结作为一种新型光催化剂,既改善了二氧化钛的2个缺陷,又表现出比TiO_2更强的氧化或还原能力。本文概括了TiO_2光催化剂、异质结光催化剂和TiO_2基Z型光催化剂的能带排列和电子传递原则,探讨了Z型异质结和type-Ⅱ异质结的异同点以及区分方法,并归纳总结了TiO_2基Z型异质结在光催化领域中的应用。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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Uroš Grošelj Mojca Žorž Amalija Golobič Branko Stanovnik Jurij Svete 《Tetrahedron》2013,69(52):11092-11108
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. 相似文献
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The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%). 相似文献
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Shashikant U. Dighe Surya K. Samanta Shivalinga Kolle Sanjay Batra 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(17):2455-2467
An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y1 and Y2. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones. 相似文献