掺Ga对锂离子电池正极材料LiCo0.3-xGaxNi0.7O2的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在0≤x≤0.5的范围内合成了LiCo0.3-xGaxNi0.7O2的单相.对样品进行了XRD、粒度、比表面积和充放电循环测试.随着掺Ga量的增加,LiCo0.3-xGaxNi0.7O2的放电容量增加.其中LiCo0.25Ga0.05Ni0.7O2在2.8～4.3V和0.2C时的首次放电容量为177.5mA·h/g,经25次充放电循环后无容量衰减.LiCo0.25Ga0.05Ni0.7O2的放电容量随着放电倍率的增大而减小,随着充放电域压上限的增加而增大.但是材料的放电容量在高放电倍率下放电后仍可以完全恢复,且其循环性能与放电域压上限无关.此外,LiCo0.25Ga0.05Ni0.7O2在充放电循环中结构稳定,无相变发生.     

纳米碳纤维-硫正极电化学性能

应用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等测试方法,研究了不同比例的纳米碳纤维(NCF)对硫正极电化学性能的影响.结果表明,NCF-硫正极的倍率放电性能和循环伏安性能都有了一定的提高,添加量为3%和5%时效果较好.3%NCF-硫正极电流密度0.4 mA.cm-2时,比容量达880 mAh.g-1,20次循环后,比容量仍保持630 mAh.g-1.     

基于多孔黑色TiO_2涂层隔膜的锂硫电池性能探究

合成了多孔黑色二氧化钛(PB-TiO_2),并将其作为原料制备得到PB-TiO_2涂层隔膜(PB-TiO_2@PP),研究了隔膜对锂硫电池电化学性能的影响.电化学性能测试表明,PBTiO_2@PP隔膜能够大幅度提高电池的比容量、有效改善电池的倍率性能和循环稳定性.在1C倍率下,放电容量能够保持在882mAh/g.100次循环之后,容量仍能保持在780mAh/g,容量保持率接近90%.     

简化的溶胶凝胶法合成LiMn2-xLaxO4及电性能研究

采用以水溶液作为反应介质的简化的溶胶凝胶法制备了LiMn2O4和稀土La掺杂的LiMn1.98La0.02O4粉体材料, 此方法工艺简单, 容易控制, 制备周期短. 利用XRD, SEM对材料粉体进行结构形态表征, 并以合成的材料为正极活性材料测试其充放电性能、循环伏安性能、 电化学阻抗谱性能. 实验结果表明: 材料LiMn2O4和LiMn1.98La0.02O4具有较好的尖晶石结构, 且颗粒分布均匀, 掺杂La的材料循环性能有较大改善. 以LiMn2O4为正极活性物质的扣式电池首次放电比容量129.38 mAh · g-1, 循环20次后容量保持在94%, 以LiMn1.98La0.02O4为正极活性物质的扣式电池首次放电比容量106.77 mAh · g-1, 循环20此后容量保持在96.2%.     

复合掺杂改性的尖晶石LiMn1.98Cr0.02O4-yCly的研究

采用改进的高温固相法合成了阴阳离子复合掺杂改性的锂离子电池尖晶石结构正极材料LiMn1.98Cr0.02O4-yCly(y=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10). 采用X射线衍射手段对材料的晶体结构进行了表征. 从材料的晶体结构、充放电容量、循环性能和倍率放电特性等方面分析了复合掺杂在稳定晶体结构和改善材料电化学性能方面的作用. 实验结果表明, 由于复合掺杂的综合作用, 改性后的材料既保持了高的初始容量, 又具有优良的循环性能, 倍率放电性能也得到了有效的改善. 其中LiMn1.98Cr0.02O3.96Cl0.04的综合性能最优, 初始放电比容量达到127 mA·h/g以上, 循环50次后仍有110 mA·h/g的放电比容量.     

球形Sn-SnSb合金纳米粒子制备及其储锂性能

锂离子电池Sn负极材料有较高的比容量,但其容量随周期循环急剧衰减. 若Sn与Sb形成SnSb合金可以改善其循环性能. 本文采用有机液相还原方法制备了球形Sn-SnSb合金纳米粒子,其首周期循环充电容量1235.9 mAh·g^-1,放电容量为785.9 mAh·g^-1,经过50周的循环之后其放电容量保持在409.2 mAh·g^-1,表现出较好的循环性能.     

高容量正极材料0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2的合成与电化学性能研究

在恒定pH值下将层状钴铝双羟基复合金属氧化物(CoAl-LDH)均匀包覆在球状Ni(OH)2表面,与LiOH.H2O混合均匀后,经高温煅烧制得钴铝酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极材料.电化学测试表明,0.08LiCo0.75Al0.25O2-0.92LiNiO2正极比容量高,具有良好的倍率性能和循环寿命,其0.1C放电比容量为211 mAh·g-1,0.5C放电比容量为195.6 mAh·g-1,3C放电比容量为161 mAh·g-1,0.5C 30周期循环后容量保持率为93.2%,明显优于LiNiO2和钴酸锂包覆镍酸锂0.08LiCoO2-0.92LiNiO2正极.     

长寿命高镍无钴锂离子正极材料的制备

通过调整不同配锂量、不同焙烧温度以及包覆改性对高镍无钴二元材料性能的影响因素进行了研究。对不同原样和其改性后的材料进行了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析和首次充放电性能和倍率性能、循环性能等电化学性能测试。其中过锂量(质量分数)为5%,焙烧温度为820℃的材料性能优异,其首次放电比容量为171.6 mAh·g^-1,1C和3C的放电比容量分别为147.8、129.8 mAh·g^-1。对材料进行锰化合物(质量分数1.0%)包覆处理后,材料的残碱量下降明显,加工性能优异,倍率性能得到明显改善,1C和3C的放电比容量分别提升为156.5、141.8 mAh·g^-1。2Ah软包电池常温循环830周容量保持率为80%,高温循环345周容量保持率为80%。     

NaBF4对锂离子电池石墨负极性能的影响

利用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗、SEM、EDS等测试技术研究了在锂离子电池石墨负极和浆过程中加入NaBF4对其电化学性能的影响。结果表明:NaBF4的最佳添加量为2%,可明显提高石墨电极的首次放电比容量和充放电效率;电极的自放电性能和循环稳定性得到明显改善。室温条件下,添加了2%NaBF4的电极以放电容量计算的自放电率为0.87%.d-1,比未添加时降低了15%;循环伏安、EDS以及SEM测试结果表明,四氟硼酸钠参与了石墨电极的成膜过程,改变了SEI膜的组分和形貌。     

0/1/2维混合纳米形貌V2 O5的制备与储锂性能

以P123为结构导向剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合冷冻干燥技术制备了0/1/2维混合纳米形貌的正交相V₂O₅电极活性材料.利用XRD和SEM表征了样品的结构和形貌,通过循环伏安法、恒流充放电和交流阻抗谱测试研究了样品的储锂性能.结果显示,这种0/1/2维混合纳米形貌V₂O₅具有较高的储锂容量、优异的电化学循环稳定性和出色的大倍率充放电性能,在1 A/g电流密度下循环500次后放电比容量稳定在117.5 mA·h/g,容量保持率为94.4%,在5 A/g大电流密度下,其放电比容量仍保持在88.2 mA·h/g,性能明显优于未添加P123制备的2D片状V₂O₅材料.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.