矩形磁性纳米点动力学反磁化过程的微磁学研究

采用微磁学模拟方法研究了初始态为C形磁结构的矩形CoFe纳米点在方波脉冲场作用下的动力学反磁化过程.研究发现,随着脉冲场强的增强,磁体的反磁化模式发生了改变.当场强较弱时反磁化过程通过畴壁移动-单涡旋的形成和移动来完成;当场强较大时反磁化过程模式转变为畴壁移动-双涡旋的形成与移动;在更强的场强下反磁化过程通过畴壁的移动-多涡旋的形成与湮没来实现.由于反磁化模式随场强的变化而改变,反磁化时间随场强的增大出现振荡变化现象. 关键词： 动力学反磁化过程 反磁化时间 微磁学模拟     

不对称钴纳米环磁特性及涡旋态控制的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究不同外加磁场方向对不对称钴纳米环磁特性的影响.主要研究磁化反转过程中畴壁运动可控制机制、磁滞回线及涡旋态的形成.模拟结果表明:①不同的外加磁场方向对不对称钴纳米环在磁化反转过程中畴壁的运动和涡旋态的形成及稳定性有较大的影响;②可利用畴壁能的变化及外加磁场的方向控制纳米环畴壁的运动;③磁化反转过程中涡旋态的形成及稳定性存在明显的尺寸效应.     

磁涡旋极性翻转的局域能量

针对坡莫合金纳米圆盘中的单个磁涡旋结构,采用微磁学模拟研究了磁涡旋极性翻转过程中的局域能量密度.磁涡旋的极性翻转通过与初始涡旋极性相反的涡旋与反涡旋对的生成,以及随后发生的反涡旋与初始涡旋的湮没来实现.模拟结果显示当纳米圆盘样品中局域能量密度的最大值达到一临界值时,磁涡旋将会实现极性翻转,其中交换能起主导作用.基于涡旋极性翻转过程中出现的三涡旋态结构,应用刚性磁涡旋模型对局域交换能量密度进行了理论分析.通过刚性磁涡旋模型得到的磁涡旋极性翻转所需的局域交换能量密度的临界值与模拟结果符合得较好.     

鸟类铁矿物磁受体中磁赤铁矿片晶链的微磁学分析

实验表明, 自然界中许多动物能感受到磁场信息, 尤其是鸟类能够依靠地磁信息导航归巢或迁徙. 鸟类磁感受机理认为, 鸟类可以通过感受地磁场的强度与倾角建立磁地图从而进行飞行导航. 目前对鸟类用于感受磁场的磁受体的研究仍然处于探索鉴定阶段, 研究铁矿物结构是否具有在生命系统中作为磁受体的物理磁学性质有着十分重要的意义. 本文使用微磁学方法对鸟类基于铁矿物的磁感受机理中的磁赤铁矿片晶状磁受体结构进行三维模拟分析, 对其在地磁场中的畴态及对磁场信息的响应作用进行探究. 结果表明, 自然畴态为涡旋态的磁赤铁矿片晶链具有感受地磁场方向变化的能力. 关键词： 鸟类定向与导航 铁矿物磁感受机理 微磁学     

Ce1.66Mg1.34Co3和α″-Fe16N2多层梯度膜磁反转性质的微磁学模拟

为了改善永磁薄膜的磁性能,基于微磁学理论,使用编程软件OOMMF针对Ce_1.66Mg_1.34Co₃和α″-Fe₁₆N₂交换耦合多层梯度膜的磁化过程进行模拟,系统研究磁晶各向异性梯度对多层膜性能的影响,分析体系的剩余磁化强度、矫顽力、磁滞回线和磁化反转过程中的能量变化。研究表明：减小磁晶各向异性梯度或增加界面处磁晶各向异性的差值,可以有效提高薄膜的矫顽力和剩余磁化强度,从而改善磁性能。通过计算磁矩分布发现一种磁涡旋态,这种磁涡旋态的产生过程伴随系统能量的增加。     

切边纳米铁磁盘对中磁涡旋旋性的磁场调控

铁磁纳米盘中的磁涡旋态因稳定性高,并且其面内磁化的旋转方向具有天然的二向性(顺时针(CW)和逆时针(CCW)),可以作为信息存储的一个比特单元而成为最近研究的热点.基于磁涡旋旋性的信息存储要求人们能够独立地控制磁涡旋的旋转方向.从旋性的角度考虑,在一对纳米盘中可能出现四种磁涡旋基态,即(CCW, CCW),(CCW, CW),(CW, CCW)和(CW, CW).本文通过引入厚度不同且切边的纳米磁盘对,并对其施加面内磁场来实现对四种涡旋基态的独立控制,并通过微磁学模拟证明了这种方法的可行性.     

界面Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用下辐射状磁涡旋形成机制

辐射状磁涡旋结构是一种稳定的拓扑磁结构,因其具有热稳定性高、驱动电流小等特点,成为当前继斯格明子之后又一新兴的研究热点.本文利用微磁学模拟方法研究了在界面Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用（IDMI）下辐射状磁涡旋形成机制.结果表明：纳米盘直径越小,能稳定形成辐射状磁涡旋的IDMI强度范围就越大,当圆盘厚度增加一个数量级时,虽然可以稳定形成辐射状磁涡旋,但IDMI强度取值范围会随之变小.通过对不同磁矩初始态下辐射状磁涡旋的形成过程中磁矩、斯格明子数及各项能量变化的研究发现,环形涡旋和单畴均可作为辐射状磁涡旋形成的初始状态,但单畴初始态的形成时间比环形涡旋初始态的形成时间更长,其能量衰减时间比以环形涡旋为初始态的衰减时间更短.这表明形成辐射状磁涡旋极性比形成辐射旋性需要更长时间,且能量变化主要与涡旋核的生成及面内辐射状磁矩有关,而与涡旋核在盘中的位置无关.研究结果揭示了辐射状磁涡旋的形成机制,为基于辐射状磁涡旋的具体应用提供了理论依据.     

稀土永磁薄膜材料

简要地介绍在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料、各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料方面的进展.在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料中实现磁性交换耦合和剩磁增强效应,系统地研究了其结构与磁性的关系.制备成功高磁能积的各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料,比较了Ti 或Mo 缓冲层对Nd-Fe-B薄膜的表面形貌、磁畴结构和磁性能的影响.发现薄膜的表面形貌强烈地依赖于缓冲层的厚度.由于它极大地影响薄膜的成分,溅射速率被证明是控制薄膜的显微结构、表面形貌和磁性能的一个重要因素.在微磁学模型的基础上,通过分析从5到300 K的矫顽力温度依赖关系.研究了各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的矫顽力机制.在晶粒表面,由于磁各向异性的降低和局域退磁场的提高导致的反转畴的形核被确定为控制各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的磁化反转过程的首要机制.     

小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜边界效应对磁化翻转过程的影响

用自旋动力学方法系统地研究磁偶极相互作用表现的边界效应对小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜的磁化翻转过程的影响.在确定的磁偶极相互作用强度下,针对不同的单轴各向异性强度和不同的磁化角(外磁场与易轴间的夹角),具体给出矫顽场与磁化角及单轴各向异性强度之间的依赖关系和-些有代表性的磁滞回线,并给出磁化翻转过程中-些有代表性的微观磁结构.模拟结果表明:磁偶极相互作用表现的边界钉扎作用与单轴各向异性场之间的竞争决定磁滞回线的形状和矫顽场的大小,从而在不同磁化角情况下会导致不同的矫顽场机理.本文提出可有效地描述正方形铁磁性薄膜复杂微观磁畴结构的形成与演变的五磁畴模型.这种五磁畴模型既能直接揭示单轴各向异性正方形铁磁薄膜的几何特性和物理特性,也方便于磁化翻转过程的分析.     

稀土永磁薄膜材料

简要地介绍在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料、各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料方面的进展。在纳米复合稀土永磁薄膜材料中实现磁性交换耦合和剩磁增强效应，系统地研究了其结构与磁性的关系。制备成功高磁能积的各向异性稀土永磁薄膜材料，比较了Ti或Mo缓冲层对Nd-Fe-B薄膜的表面形貌、磁畴结构和磁性能的影响。发现薄膜的表面形貌强烈地依赖于缓冲层的厚度。由于它极大地影响薄膜的成分，溅射速率被证明是控制薄膜的显微结构、表面形貌和磁性能的一个重要因素。在微磁学模型的基础上，通过分析从5到300K的矫顽力温度依赖关系。研究了各向异性Pr-Fe-B薄膜的矫顽力机制。在晶粒表面，由于磁各向异性的降低和局域退磁场的提高导致的反转畴的形核被确定为控制各向异性Pr-Fe—B薄膜的磁化反转过程的首要机制。     

Self-organized Fe nanostructures on W(1 1 0)

The magnetic domain structure of Fe wires, ribbons and islands with different shapes that have been prepared under ultra high vacuum conditions on W(1 1 0) are studied with spin polarized low energy electron microscopy. The dimensions of the nanostructures, which are of the order of tens and hundreds of nm, can be controlled by the temperature at which they are produced, by the average Fe coverage and by the substrate morphology. The domain structure of the nanostructures depends on their shape and is determined by the competition between magnetoelastic, shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies.     

Role of anisotropy on the domain wall properties of ferromagnetic nanotubes

In this paper we investigate the role of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the domain wall (DW) properties of tubular magnetic nanostructures. Based on a theoretical model and micromagnetic simulations, we show that either cubic or uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropies have some influence on the domain wall properties (wall size, propagation velocity and energy barrier) and then on the overall magnetization reversal mechanism. Besides the characterization of the transverse and vortex domain wall sizes for different anisotropies, we predict an anisotropy dependent transition between the occurrence of transverse and vortex domain walls in tubular nanowires. We also discuss the dynamics of the vortex DW propagation gradually increasing the uniaxial anisotropy constant and we found that the average velocity is considerably reduced. Our results show that different anisotropies can be considered in real samples in order to manipulate the domain wall behavior and the magnetization reversal process.     

Direct observation of geometrical phase transitions in mesoscopic superconductors by scanning tunneling microscopy

Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we mapped the distribution of the local density of states in a single crystal superconductor heterostructure with an array of submicron normal metal islands. We observe the coexistence of strongly interacting multiquanta vortex lattice with interstitial Abrikosov vortices. The newly formed composite magnetic flux structure undergoes a series of phase transitions between different topological configuration states. The vortex configuration states are strongly dependent on the number of flux quanta and the nanoscale confinement architecture of the mesoscopic superconductor. Here, we present images of vortex phase transitions due to confinement effects when the number of magnetic flux quanta in the system changes. The vortex dynamics in these systems could serve as a model for behavior of confined many-body systems when the number of particles changes.     

Tunable in-plane spin orientation in Fe/Si(557) film by step-induced competing magnetic anisotropies

Although the spin-reorientation transition from out-of-plane to in-plane in Fe/Si film is widely reported, the tuning of in-plane spin orientation is not yet well developed. Here, we report the thickness-, temperature- and Cu-adsorptioninduced in-plane spin-reorientation transition processes in Fe/Si(557) film, which can be attributed to the coexistence of two competing step-induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropies, i.e., surface magnetic anisotropy with magnetization easy axis perpendicular to the step and volume magnetic anisotropy with magnetization easy axis parallel to the step. For Fe film thickness smaller than 32 monolayer(ML), the magnitudes of two effects under various temperatures are extracted from the thickness dependence of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. For Fe film thickness larger than 32 ML, the deviation of experimental results from fitting results is understood by the strain-relief-induced reduction of volume magnetic anisotropy.Additionally, the surface and volume magnetic anisotropies are both greatly reduced after covering Cu capping layer on Fe/Si(557) film while no significant influence of Na Cl capping layer on step-induced magnetic anisotropies is observed.The experimental results reported here provide various practical methods for manipulating in-plane spin orientation of Fe/Si films and improve the understanding of step-induced magnetic anisotropies.     

Magnetic structure and mechanisms of magnetic reversal of a quick-quenched ferromagnetic wire core

Mechanisms of motion of the domain top separating oppositely magnetized domains through an amorphous ferromagnetic wire core are investigated in an external magnetic field. The equilibrium parameters of the domain in the wire core are determined. It is established that the character of motion of the domain top trough the wire core depends on the mutual orientation of the external magnetic field and the domain magnetization. It is demonstrated that amorphous ferromagnetic wires based on transition metals possess the magnetic diode effect. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 64–69, February, 2008.     

Direct observation of the single-domain limit of Fe nanomagnets by spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy

We have investigated the magnetic structure of self-organized Fe islands on W(001) by means of spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (Sp-STS). Single-domain, simple vortex, and distorted vortex states have been observed. The high resolution magnetic images were used to experimentally determine the single-domain limit. The experimental structures were compared with results of micromagnetic calculations confirming the ground state nature of the experimental configurations. The single-domain limit directly observed with Sp-STS is consistent with theoretical predictions.     

Magnetic states of small cubic particles with uniaxial anisotropy

The lowest energy states in small cubic particles with uniaxial anisotropy are explored as a function of anisotropy strength and particle size. The investigations result in a phase diagram which contains the boundaries between the regions of one, two and three domains (flower, vortex and double vortex states). While the general features of the phase diagram are derived from energy estimates based on domain theory, the details are obtained using numerical micromagnetics. The two-domain and the three-domain phase can be subdivided into subphases. The comparison between different configurations revealed that a twisted vortex configuration with an S-shaped domain wall replaces the symmetric vortex with a straight wall at larger sizes. The three-domain phase contains two subphases which are symmetric with respect to (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) mirror planes, respectively. The transition from two to three domains occurs into the (1 1 0)-three-domain-state (diagonal state). This structure can be described as a configuration with two (quarter-) circular domain walls in two opposing corners. However, this configuration is energetically favored only in a small region within the phase diagram relative to the (1 0 0)-symmetry three-domain state with straight walls (sandwich state).     

Reorientation,multidomain states and domain walls in diluted magnetic semiconductors

The competition between surface/interface and intrinsic anisotropies yields a number of specific reorientation effects and strongly influences magnetization processes in diluted magnetic semiconductors as (Ga,Mn)As and (In,Mn)As. We develop a phenomenological theory to describe reorientation transitions and the accompanying multidomain states applicable to layers of these magnetic semiconductors. It is shown that the magnetic phase diagrams of such systems include a region of four-phase domain structure with four adjoining areas of two-phase domains as well as several regions with coexisting metastable states. We demonstrate that the parameters of isolated domain walls in (Ga,Mn)As nanolayers are extremely sensitive to applied magnetic field and can vary in a broad range. This can be used in microdevices of magnetic semiconductors with pinned domain walls. For (Ga,Mn)As epilayers with perpendicular anisotropy the geometrical parameters of domains have been calculated.     

利用扫描透射X射线显微镜观测磁涡旋结构

利用上海光源软X射线谱学显微光束线站(STXM)并结合X射线的磁圆二色效应, 我们对方形、圆形和三角形的Ni₈₀Fe₂₀薄膜微结构中的磁涡旋结构进行了定量实验观测, 并利用同步辐射光源的元素分辨特性, 分别在Fe和Ni的L₃吸收边对涡旋磁结构进行了观测. 我们还对磁涡旋中磁矩的分布进行了定量分析, 发现实验结果与微磁学模拟结果完全符合.     

自旋转向相变中的条纹磁畴研究

用光激发电子显微镜研究了Fe／Ni铁磁膜和Co／Cu／Fe／Ni磁耦合膜中的条纹磁畴．实验发现：在Fe／Ni体系中，条纹磁畴宽度随着铁层厚度趋近于自旋转向相变点呈指数下降；在Co／Cu／Fe／Ni体系中，Fe／M层中的条纹磁畴会沿着钴层磁矩的方向排列，其磁畴宽度会随着Co-Fe／Ni间的层间耦合强度呈指数下降．理论上推导出条纹磁畴随着磁各向异性能和层间耦合强度变化的统一公式，而实验结果与理论符合得非常好。