利用级数展开的Z扫描理论分析

利用级数展开的方法，对薄介质的Z扫描理论进行了分析，并对于通常所采用的级数展开和菲涅耳衍射分析方法进行了讨论，证明了在分析利用高斯光束对薄介质进行Z扫描测量时，即使对于大的非线性相移，高斯分解方法和菲涅耳衍射积分方法仍具有等效性，澄清了人们认识上的一些误解。同时分析了远场小孔的归一化透射率与积分限的关系，并对采用高斯分解方法时级数求和的振荡原因进行了分析和讨论，给出了消除振荡所需的最小求和数的判据。针对高斯分解方法和菲涅耳衍射积分方法的使用场合，也进行了讨论。根据所得结论，可以在具体的实验和理论分析中，正确地选择更高效的分析方法。     

长周期光纤光栅透射谱计算方法的比较与分析

长周期光纤光栅透射谱的求解方法有多种,本文以耦合模理论为基础,对常用的积分法、公式法、传输矩阵法求解长周期光纤光栅的透射谱进行比较与分析,指出这三种求解方法各自的特点和适用条件.积分法可在较宽波长范围内直接得到多个模式透射谱的精确解,但求解过程繁琐,运算量大;公式法虽然在表述和计算上较为方便,但只能在较小波长范围内直接求解单个模式的透射谱;传输矩阵法求解过程简便、准确度高、计算量相对较小,特别适合计算一些非均匀光纤光栅的透射谱.该研究为选择一种精确度高且理论和计算都较简单的计算长周期光纤光栅透射谱的方法提供理论依据.     

Numerical reconstruction stability of fiber Bragg gratings

Traditional algorithms for solving the inverse scattering problem for a fiber Bragg grating are described, and a new numerical method for this problem is developed. The method is based on the fast inversion of a matrix using its Toeplitz symmetry and on a special “inner-bordering” procedure. It is shown that the method is equally efficient as the well-known discrete layer peeling method but exceeds the latter in accuracy, especially for high-reflectance gratings. The stability of the proposed method with respect to initial data errors is demonstrated.     

Boundary element-free method for elastodynamics

1 Introduction In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to researches on the meshless (or meshfree) method, which makes it a hot direction of computational mechanics[1,2]. The meshless method is the approximation based on nodes, then the large deformation and crack growth problems can be simulated with the method without the re-meshing technique. And the meshless method has some advantages over the traditional computa- tional methods, such as finite element method (FEM) and boun…     

An angular singularity-free method for the dynamics of the rovibrational motion of diatomic molecules

An angular singularity-free method for the dynamics of the rovibrational motion of diatomic molecules has been proposed. The present method is based on a formulation that the orientation of a diatomic molecule is expressed by the Cartesian coordinates of the unit vector parallel to the molecular axis. In this light, the present method can be considered as a modification of a method proposed for the rigid rotational motion to the rovibrational motion. Illustrations of the present method have been performed for the classical dynamics of the rovibrational motion of a diatomic molecule, and for the semiclassical dynamics of the collision between an atom and a diatomic molecule, including comparisons with other conventional methods. It is concluded that the present method is free from angular singularity, and that the present method is superior to other conventional methods in view of computational efficiency.     

Boundary element-free method for elastodynamics

The moving least-square approximation is discussed first. Sometimes the method can form an ill-conditioned equation system, and thus the solution cannot be obtained correctly. A Hilbert space is presented on which an orthogonal function system mixed a weight function is defined. Next the improved moving least-square approximation is discussed in detail. The improved method has higher computational efficiency and precision than the old method, and cannot form an ill-conditioned equation system. A boundary element-free method (BEFM) for elastodynamics problems is presented by combining the boundary integral equation method for elastodynamics and the improved moving least-square approximation. The boundary element-free method is a meshless method of boundary integral equation and is a direct numerical method compared with others, in which the basic unknowns are the real solutions of the nodal variables and the boundary conditions can be applied easily. The boundary element-free method has a higher computational efficiency and precision. In addition, the numerical procedure of the boundary element-free method for elastodynamics problems is presented in this paper. Finally, some numerical examples are given.     

基于遗传算法的全息光栅逆向优化设计

光栅是单色仪的核心器件,光栅的像差校正能力对单色仪性能有着决定性作用.本文研究了基于光线追迹点列图数值分析的遗传算法实现,建立了针对全息光栅成像质量的评价函数,并利用遗传算法实现了全息光栅的优化设计.结果表明,利用遗传算法可以简化求解过程,降低最优参量的误差,并克服局部极值的问题,明显优于阻尼最小二乘法.     

长周期光纤光栅透射谱计算方法的比较与分析

长周期光纤光栅透射谱的求解方法有多种,本文以耦合模理论为基础,对常用的积分法、公式法、传输矩阵法求解长周期光纤光栅的透射谱进行比较与分析,指出这三种求解方法各自的特点和适用条件.积分法可在较宽波长范围内直接得到多个模式透射谱的精确解,但求解过程繁琐,运算量大;公式法虽然在表述和计算上较为方便,但只能在较小波长范围内直接求解单个模式的透射谱;传输矩阵法求解过程简便、准确度高、计算量相对较小,特别适合计算一些非均匀光纤光栅的透射谱.该研究为选择一种精确度高且理论和计算都较简单的计算长周期光纤光栅透射谱的方法提供理论依据.     

泄漏波导法精确测量薄膜参数的理论和实验研究

对泄漏波导法测量薄膜折射率和厚度的实验方法做了介绍,基于四层介质结构的理论模型,通过严格的电磁场理论推导出了测量方法依据的本征色散方程,并使用了Newton-Raphson方法求解复传播常数,保证了测量的精确与快捷.以等离子增强化学气相沉积法生长的SiO2薄膜为例,对其折射率和厚度进行了测定.实验证明,本文方法与传统方法相比,不仅具有更高的测量精度,而且数据处理更加快捷,完成一片样品测试,仅花费机时60 ms.     

A method to simulate linear stability of impulsively accelerated density interfaces in ideal-MHD and gas dynamics

We present a numerical method to solve the linear stability of impulsively accelerated density interfaces in two dimensions such as those arising in the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The method uses an Eulerian approach, and is based on an upwind method to compute the temporally evolving base state and a flux vector splitting method for the perturbations. The method is applicable to either gas dynamics or magnetohydrodynamics. Numerical examples are presented for cases in which a hydrodynamic shock interacts with a single or double density interface, and a doubly shocked single density interface. Convergence tests show that the method is spatially second-order accurate for smooth flows, and between first and second-order accurate for flows with shocks.     

基于相对微分计盒法的人造目标分形检测

对光电目标进行自动检测与识别是导弹末端智能制导的一项关键技术。基于图像分形维计算的相对微分计盒法,提出了一套实用的自然背景中人造目标的检测方法,给出了检测窗口与尺度选择的标准与参考值。大量实验证明,分形检测方法比传统的最大对比度检测方法稳定,是一种非常有前途的方法。     

基于遗传算法的全息光栅逆向优化设计

光栅是单色仪的核心器件,光栅的像差校正能力对单色仪性能有着决定性作用.本文研究了基于光线追迹点列图数值分析的遗传算法实现,建立了针对全息光栅成像质量的评价函数,并利用遗传算法实现了全息光栅的优化设计.结果表明,利用遗传算法可以简化求解过程,降低最优参量的误差,并克服局部极值的问题,明显优于阻尼最小二乘法.     

An improved loopless mounting method for cryocrystallography

Based on a recent loopless mounting method, a simplified loopless and bufferless crystal mounting method is developed for macromolecular crystallography. This simplified crystal mounting system is composed of the following components: a home-made glass capillary, a brass seat for holding the glass capillary, a flow regulator, and a vacuum pump for evacuation. Compared with the currently prevalent loop mounting method, this simplified method has almost the same mounting procedure and thus is compatible with the current automated crystal mounting system. The advantages of this method include higher signal-to-noise ratio, more accurate measurement, more rapid flash cooling, less x-ray absorption and thus less radiation damage to the crystal. This method can be extended to the flash-freeing of a crystal without or with soaking it in a lower concentration of cryoprotectant, thus it may be the best option for data collection in the absence of suitable cryoprotectant. Therefore, it is suggested that this mounting method should be further improved and extensively applied to cryocrystallographic experiments.     

Computational comparison of the conventional multislice method and the real space multislice method for simulating exit wavefunctions

The simulation of exit wavefunctions of a TEM sample is carried out by both the conventional multislice (C-MS) method and the real space multislice (RS–MS) method, with a series of different slice thicknesses. Surprisingly, the results calculated by the RS–MS method remain constant to seven significant figures when the slice thicknesses are changed within a wide range, while those calculated by the C-MS method change significantly. From the mathematical point of view, the C-MS method is only a first order approximation of the RS–MS method. Thus, the calculation precision of the RS–MS method is much higher than that of the C-MS method. Or to achieve the same precision, the slice thickness for the RS–MS method can be taken as two orders of magnitude larger than for the C-MS method in the simulation. As a result, the calculation speed for the RS–MS method may be even faster than that for the C-MS method in some cases. For the two advantages stated above, the RS–MS method may be more suitable for precise calculations.     

扩散平面光波导的传递函数方法

引入一种计算光波导传播特性的新方法传递函数方法。给出了公式推导,计算了扩散各向同性及扩散各向异性平面光波导的传播特性,并与其它方法所得结果进行了比较。结果表明用传递函数方法处理折射率渐变分布的光波导问题,计算相对简单,可以得到精确的数值结果。     

基于鹰鸽量子博弈理论评价科研院所的科技自主创新能力

科研院所的科技自主创新能力是推动国家科技进步和经济发展,应对国际经济危机的主要动力,创建科学、完善的科技创新能力评价方法有助于提升科研院所科技创新能力,并为国家制定科技创新决策提供参考依据。本文基于鹰鸽量子博弈理论,提出了一种评价科研院所自主创新能力的方法。介绍了量子博弈论的各基本要素在科技自主创新体系中所对应的物理内涵,根据鹰鸽量子博弈理论建立了科技自主创新能力评价模型,分析了纠缠度与收益矩阵之间的关系,确立了依靠各参与者在鹰鸽量子博弈中的纠缠度来表征科技自主创新能力的方法。给出了科研院所科技自主创新能力的量子博弈论解释,构建了科技自主创新能力评价指标体系,并确定了评价的合成计算方法,即量子纠缠度的计算方法。最后,以中科院部分研究所为实例进行了科技自主创新能力的评价,并利用主成份分析法和中物院的简单统计方法对得到的数据进行了对比分析,结果证明了提出的方法合理且有可操作性。     

Estimating the amplitude of measurement noise present in chaotic time series

We propose a method for estimating the amplitude of measurement noise present in chaotic time series. This method is based on the evaluation of initial errors for a given time series and for a new one synthesized by adding an adequate amount of noise to the given one. The method is valid over a much wider range of noise levels than the previous methods are because it is not based on the detail of dynamical structure which generates the data. In addition, it is possible to check if the method is valid for the given data prior to its application. To confirm the effectiveness of the method we show the results of numerical experiments and apply the method to chaotic data obtained from an electrochemical experiment. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.     

考虑中心孔影响的汽轮机转子热应力解析递推计算法

本文建立了有中心孔的转子热应力解析递推计算法．该方法计入了放热系数的变化，对汽温非线性变化历程采用分段线性叠加的分析方法，并具有很快的计算速度，能保证在线实时监测对速度和存储空间的双重要求．这对于边界介质温度变化和换热情况复杂的有中心孔的受热部件的应力计算和研究具有普遍意义．     

A Monte Carlo approach for the calculation of polarized light: application to an incident narrow beam

Monte Carlo approaches to compute multiple scattering of polarized light are examined. A Backward Monte Carlo (BMC) method is developed to solve the Stokes vector of the multiple scattered light for an inhomogeneous scattering medium with boundaries. A generalized form of the BMC method in vector notation is proposed. This method can determine the scattered light with sufficient accuracy in both intensity and polarization compared to the same calculation using the doubling-adding method for a plane parallel medium.For application to a narrow incident beam and an inhomogeneous medium, a modified BMC method is developed, borrowing a concept from the Forward Monte Carlo (FMC) method for the first scattering events. Furthermore, a modification of the total scattering matrix, i.e., the combination of the derived scattering matrix with its time inverse, is discussed. This BMC method can be used successfully for model calculations of lidar and other laser measurements of polarized light.     

Ray tracing method with Fresnel’s transmission to calculate polarized radiation power distribution focused by a terahertz Silicon lens antenna

We study a method for simulating a power-flow density distribution of terahertz-wave focused by a hemispherical Silicon lens antenna. A regular ray-tracing method is not enough to evaluate a correct radiation power-flow because it does not take into account transmittances dependent on angles of incidence at different positions on the spherical boundary of the Si-lens. In this study, we propose a ray-tracing method including Fresnel’s transmission coefficients on the surface of a Si-lens for incoming polarized rays. The power-flow-density distribution calculated by the proposed method has a good agreement except for interference and diffraction with the result obtained by an electromagnetic wave simulator. Our method is so simple and reliable that it is useful for designing and evaluating THz optical systems using dielectric lens antennas.