基于多组态含时Hartree-Fock方法研究电子关联对于H_2分子强场电离的影响

发展了三维的处理双原子分子非微扰电子动力学的多组态含时Hartree-Fock方法,并利用该方法研究了电子关联对于H_2分子强场电离概率的影响.该方法采用能够精确处理双中心库仑势的椭球坐标系,以及减小双电子积分计算量的有限元-离散变量基函数方法.利用多组态含时Hartree-Fock方法计算了H_2分子随分子取向角度变化的XUV光电离结果,并通过与单组态结果的对比研究了电子关联对于单电离和双电离概率的不同影响.研究表明,电子关联对于单电离过程影响很小,而在双电离过程中则发挥了重要作用,导致了电离概率的减小.该方法为进一步研究强场物理过程中的电子关联效应奠定了基础.     

Variable time lag and backward ejection in full-dimensional analysis of strong-field double ionization

Ensembles of 400,000 two-electron trajectories in three space dimensions are used with Newtonian equations of motion to track atomic double ionization under very strong laser fields. We report a variable time lag between e-e collision and double ionization, and find that the time lag plays a key role in the emergence directions of the electrons. These are precursors to production of electron momentum distributions showing substantial new agreement with experimental data.     

Collective multielectron tunneling ionization in strong fields

We investigate the quantum mechanical process of two-electron tunneling in strong external electric fields. Numerical solution of a two-electron s-wave model reveals the existence of collective tunneling ionization in a mode where both electrons stay at equal distance from the nucleus. Otherwise the lagging electron is immediately recaptured. The corresponding double ionization rate fails to explain nonsequential multiple ionization in strong-field laser experiments. However, an empirically modified version of the analytical one-electron tunneling rate of Ammosov, Delone, and Krainov agrees with the experiments to a surprising accuracy. The reason for this agreement is presently unknown.     

Enhanced nonlinear double excitation of He in intense extreme ultraviolet laser fields

Nonlinear, three-photon double excitation of He in intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser fields (～24.1 eV, ～5 TW/cm2) is presented. Resonances to the doubly excited states converging to the He+ N=3 level are revealed by the shot-by-shot photoelectron spectroscopy and identified by theoretical calculations based on the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation for the two-electron atom under a laser field. It is shown that the three-photon double excitation is enhanced by intermediate Rydberg states below the first ionization threshold, giving a greater contribution to the photoionization yields than the two-photon process by more than 1 order of magnitude.     

Ionization and stabilization of a two-electron atom in a strong electromagnetic field

Direct numerical simulations are performed to analyze stabilization of a two-electron model atom in a strong electromagnetic field. The system is found to be stabilized with respect to both single and double ionization. By comparing the present results with those concerning stability of one-electron atoms, it is shown that stabilization is due to the formation of a Kramers-Henneberger two-electron atom. Ionization and stabilization characteristics of excited singlet and triplet states of an atomic system are examined.     

以两种方法研究强激光场中的非时序双电离现象

以半经典再散射模型和量子S矩阵模型出发来研究强激光场中原子和分子的非时序双电离现象.分别利用这两个模型计算了电离率随激光强度的变化、反冲离子的动量分布、两出射电子的能量分布.数值结果表明半径典再散射模型和量子S矩阵模型在研究强场中原子和分子的非时序双电离现象时有很好的一致性.     

Peculiarities of the ionization of many-electron systems and generation of attosecond pulses in ultrashort laser fields

The ionization of a model two-electron atom in the field of a strong ultrashort laser pulse is studied by numerical integration of the nonstationary Schrödinger equation describing the dynamics of a quantum system in the field of an electromagnetic wave. Pecularities of the two-electron ionization are analyzed for pulses whose duration amounts to one to two periods of oscillation of the electric field of the wave at different frequencies of the incident radiation. For extremely short pulses, the double ionization is found to be suppressed. This effect is caused by the finiteness of the interelectron energy exchange time during the laser action. Peculiarities of the generation of high-order harmonics and single XUV attosecond pulses upon ionization of atoms by laser pulses, whose duration is within one to two optical cycles, are investigated.     

Time-resolved quantum dynamics of double ionization in strong laser fields

Quantum calculations of a (1+1)-dimensional model for double ionization in strong laser fields are used to trace the time evolution from the ground state through ionization and rescattering to the two-electron escape. The subspace of symmetric escape, a prime characteristic of nonsequential double ionization, remains accessible by a judicious choice of 1D coordinates for the electrons. The time-resolved ionization fluxes show the onset of single and double ionization, the sequence of events during the pulse, and the influences of pulse duration and reveal the relative importance of sequential and nonsequential double ionization, even when ionization takes place during the same field cycle.     

Generation of XUV attosecond pulses in the process of atomic ionization by few-cycle laser radiation

Ionization of a model two-electron atom in the presence of a strong field of ultrashort laser pulses is investigated using the numerical integration of the nonstationary Schrödinger equation, which describes the dynamics of a quantum system in the presence of an electromagnetic wave. The features of two-electron ionization in the presence of one-and two-cycle pulses are analyzed. The suppression of double ionization in the presence of ultrashort laser pulses related to a finite-time interelectron energy exchange upon the laser action is demonstrated. The features of the generation of high-order harmonics and single XUV attosecond pulses are studied for the atomic ionization by few-cycle laser pulses. The parameters of the laser pulse are optimized for the effective generation of a single XUV attosecond pulse.     

Intense-field double ionization of helium: identifying the mechanism

We present quantum mechanical calculations of the electron and ion momentum distributions following double ionization of a one-dimensional helium atom by ultrashort laser pulses (780 nm) at various intensities. The two-electron momentum distributions exhibit a clear transition from nonsequential to sequential double ionization. We provide strong evidence that rescattering is responsible for nonsequential ionization by calculating the momentum spectrum of the He2+ recoil ions-which we find in excellent agreement with recent experiments-and by analyzing the electronic center-of-mass motion via Wigner transforms.     

Single-photon double ionization of an atom in a strong radiation field

Double ionization is studied by direct numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a model two-electron system in the field of an electromagnetic wave in the case when the photon energy exceeds the energy required for the removal of both electrons of the atom. The probabilities of single-electron and double ionization are obtained as functions of the radiation intensity. The energy spectra and double pulse distributions of photoelectrons are analyzed. It is shown that single-photon ionization plays a significant role only in the limiting cases of weak and strong fields. The obtained results are used in an analysis of the contributions from different channels to the double-ionization process (in particular, for clarifying the role of the electron-electron interaction). The results of numerical calculations are compared with the analytic model of the phenomenon.     

低于再碰撞阈值下强激光场原子非序列双电离(英文)

在最近的实验和理论研究中,我们探讨了氩原子和氖原子在红外强激光场中低于再碰撞阈值的非序列双电离问题。在研究中,我们发现在非序列双电离过程中,氖原子的电子关联表现为在激光偏振面内肩并肩出射,而对于氩原子的电子关联行为表现为在激光偏振面内的背对背出射,我们采用三维半经典模型(考虑电子隧道电离)很好地解释了实验结果。在阈值附近,我们发现电子在激光场中的多次散射以及电子再碰撞激发后电子隧道电离是氩原子反关联行为的主要原因,而电子在激光场作用下的单次碰撞是电子关联行为的主要原因。通过测量双电离过程中产生电子的横向电子动量分布,观察到了库伦聚焦效应,我们认为这是非经典的关联行为。最后,我们给出了氩原子和氖原子在激光场中阈值的解析模型,并给出了原子的关联和反关联激光强度区域。     

分子核间距对非时序双电离的影响

利用半经典再散射模型研究了激光强度在一定范围内时分子核间距对非时序双电离过程的影响.分别计算了非时序双电离率、两电子的电离能、两电子的动量相关、Coulomb和激光场的复合势随分子核间距的变化关系.研究表明,分子核间距在1.0—6.0 a.u.范围内时,非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数随着分子核间距的增大而增大.当分子核间距继续增大(大于6.0 a.u.)时,非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数却减小.     

低于再碰撞阈值下强激光场原子非序列双电离

在最近的实验和理论研究中,我们探讨了氩原子和氖原子在红外强激光场中低于再碰撞阈值的非序列双电离问题。在研究中,我们发现在非序列双电离过程中,氖原子的电子关联表现为在激光偏振面内肩并肩出射,而对于氩原子的电子关联行为表现为在激光偏振面内的背对背出射,我们采用三维半经典模型（考虑电子隧道电离）很好地解释了实验结果。在阈值附近,我们发现电子在激光场中的多次散射以及电子再碰撞激发后电子隧道电离是氩原子反关联行为的主要原因,而电子在激光场作用下的单次碰撞是电子关联行为的主要原因。通过测量双电离过程中产生电子的横向电子动量分布,观察到了库伦聚焦效应,我们认为这是非经典的关联行为。最后,我们给出了氩原子和氖原子在激光场中阈值的解析模型,并给出了原子的关联和反关联激光强度区域.     

Monitoring and controlling the electron dynamics in helium with isolated attosecond pulses

Helium atoms in the presence of extreme ultraviolet light pulses can lose electrons through direct photoionization or through two-electron excitation followed by autoionization. Here we demonstrate that, by combining attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses with near infrared femtosecond lasers, electron dynamics in helium autoionization can be not only monitored but also controlled. Furthermore, the interference between the two ionization channels was modified by the intense near infrared laser pulse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that double excitation and autoionization were studied experimentally by using isolated attosecond pulses.     

Transition from strong-field sequential to nonsequential double ionization at near-infrared wavelengths and low intensities

Within a quantum-mechanical model, we investigate strong-field double ionization of a model helium atom by near-infrared, linearly polarized laser pulses at intensities far below the recollision threshold. The quantum simulations show a clear mechanism change from sequential to nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) as the laser intensity increases. For NSDI, the two-electron correlated momentum distribution exhibits a strong final-state Coulomb repulsion effect for high-energy photoelectrons, but absent for low-energy photoelectrons. This repulsion effect is ascribed to field double ionization from doubly-excited states populated by recollision of the first ionized electron when it returns to the parent ion. Such recollision-induced excited states are absent at ultraviolet wavelengths due to the very low returning kinetic energies, resulting to the absence of final-state repulsion effect in NSDI.     

Correlated two-electron momentum spectra for strong-field nonsequential double ionization of He at 800 nm

We report on a kinematically complete experiment on nonsequential double ionization of He by 25 fs 800 nm laser pulses at 1.5 PW/cm;{2}. The suppression of the recollision-induced excitation at this high intensity allows us to address in a clean way direct (e,2e) ionization by the recolliding electron. In contrast with earlier experimental results, but in agreement with various theoretical predictions, the two-electron momentum distributions along the laser polarization axis exhibit a pronounced V-shaped structure, which can be explained by the role of Coulomb repulsion and typical (e,2e) kinematics.     

Double ionization of atoms by multiply charged ions and a strong electromagnetic field: Effects of correlation in the continuum

A nonstationary theory of double ionization of two-electron atoms in collisions with multiply charged ions or by an intense electromagnetic field is developed. An approach that permits investigating both problems by a single method is formulated. A two-electron continuum wave function that takes into account the interaction of the electrons with the atomic nucleus and the external ionizer as well as with one another is obtained as a product of Coulomb waves with modified Sommerfeld parameters. The computational results obtained for the double ionization of helium atoms by multiply charged ions are in good quantitative agreement with the existing experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 1, 23–26 (10 July 1997)     

Single and double ionization of the hydrogen molecule in an intense few-cycle laser pulse

In this paper, we present ab initio two-electron model calculations of laser-induced single and double ionization of the hydrogen molecule in a linearly polarized laser field with static nuclei located along the polarization axis. Within the model, the center-of-mass motion of the two electrons is restricted along the polarization axis of the field, while the relative electron motion is unrestricted. The results of numerical simulations allow us to identify and characterize the mechanisms leading to single and double ionization in an intense few-cycle laser pulse. The role of the rescattering mechanism on the ionization processes is analyzed in particular.     

Emission of an atom during its interaction with an ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic field

The electronic transitions and emission of an atom during its interaction with a spatially inhomogeneous ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic field are considered. The probabilities of excitation and ionization, as well as the spectra and cross sections of reemission of such a pulse by the atom, are obtained. As an example, the one-and two-electron inelastic processes accompanying the interaction of ultrashort pulses with hydrogen-and helium-like atoms are considered.