Luminescence-Based Optical Fiber Chemical Sensors

Abstract

A scheme for the simultaneous determination of temperature and analyte concentration for application in luminescence-based chemical sensors is proposed. This scheme is applied to an optical oxygen sensor, which is based on the quenching of the fluorescence of a ruthenium complex. Temperature measurement is performed using the excitation radiation and an absorption long-pass filter. Preliminary results are presented that show the viability of an oxygen measurement that is independent of temperature and optical power level. The possibility of self-referenced temperature measurements with semiconductor nanoparticles is also investigated. In order to optimize the sensor design, several different optical fiber probe geometries for oxygen sensing are tested and compared, including different methods of coupling radiation into the optical fiber system. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylamide membranes are tested as supports for sensor immobilization in fiber-optical pH sensing devices in aqueous solution. Some results are presented that show the feasibility of using fiber-optical pH indicators for remote monitoring.     

Smart City Surveillance Through Low-Cost Fiber Sensors in Metropolitan Optical Networks

Abstract

A continuously growing number of municipalities has optical fiber networks supporting communications at their disposal. These fiber installations can also be utilized to convey low data optical signals from a large number of deployed sensing elements, usually positioned in critical infrastructure locations, providing a variety of useful information. Such information can be used in the context of a “smart city” to provide citizens with higher-level services or even to proactively ensure public security and safety. This work demonstrates a fiber sensing network based on low-cost fiber Bragg grating sensors that are able to appropriately oversee diverse monitoring parameters.     

Infrared Optical Fiber Sensors

Notably improved performance as well as extended application areas is expected in the technology of optical fiber sensors using infrared fibers that transmit radiation in a wavelength range beyond 2 μm. Measurement of infrared radiation is particularly important in thermometry and spectrometry. In these areas, the use of infrared fibers has been studied extensively not only as a transmission waveguide but also as a sensor chip. Of various infrared fibers, fluoride glass fibers exhibit the lowest transmission loss and hence are useful for remote sensing that requires light transmission over a long distance. The wide transmission range of chalcogenide glass fibers and halide crystalline fibers is valuable for thermometry in a low temperature range and for spectrometry of various molecules. Hollow waveguides are useful as a capillary flow cell that realizes fast-response spectrometry. The advantages and disadvantages of infrared fibers must be considered carefully in the development of fiber sensors. In this paper, the progress of infrared optical fiber sensors is reviewed with particular interest in thermometry and spectroscopy.     

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology in Portugal

Abstract

A general overview of the R&D activity in fiber optic sensing developed over the last fifteen years in Portugal is given. Different topics are addressed, including interferometric, intensity and Bragg grating based fiber optic sensors, signal processing and multiplexing techniques, optical current sensors, together with some references to field trials and applications. Possible guidelines for present and future national R&D activity on this subject are outlined.     

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology in Portugal

A general overview of the R&D activity in fiber optic sensing developed over the last fifteen years in Portugal is given. Different topics are addressed, including interferometric, intensity and Bragg grating based fiber optic sensors, signal processing and multiplexing techniques, optical current sensors, together with some references to field trials and applications. Possible guidelines for present and future national R&D activity on this subject are outlined.     

基于波分耦合器的光纤布拉格光栅传感器

为了实现对光纤布拉格光栅传感器的波长解调,使用普通的光纤波分耦合作为波长鉴别器件,将波长的变化转变成光强的变化,并用双路差动放大去除光源强度变化和外界干扰的影响。使用发光二极管(LED)作为光源以降低系统成本,因此使用调制光源和交流放大器对信号进行处理。实验达到约10με的应变测量分辨力和0．2℃的温度测量分辨力。是目前最廉价的光纤布拉格光栅传感器之一。     

塑料光纤纤端光场测试结果及分析

对纤端光场进行了理论分析,分别利用塑料光纤和多模光纤作为接收光纤对塑料光纤的出射纤端光场进行了测量,并与理论分析结果进行了比较,给出了合理的调和参数.传输距离较长的塑料光纤由于高阶模的泄漏,纤端光场分布非常接近高斯分布.实验结果表明了理论分析结果和调和参数选择的合理性.     

强度调制型光纤传感器的补偿技术

采用光桥平衡技术可实现对强度调制型光纤传感器系统不稳定因素的补偿。文中给出透射式和反射式两种改进方案，对其进行了较详细地分析，提出的反射式光桥补偿的结构具有简单，可靠，实用的特点，实验结果与理论分析相一致，取得较好的补偿效果。     

金膜与银膜光纤SPR传感器

不同的金属传感层对光纤SPR传感器的特性有着重要的影响.根据该传感器的理论公式,计算了金膜、银膜传感器的输出光谱,并与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,银膜光纤SPR传感器的理论输出光谱和实验检测光谱吻合很好,而金膜吻合较差.分析了出现这种偏差的原因.     

双波长偏振干涉型应变与温度同时测量的光纤传感器

针对保偏光纤给出了利用双波长偏振干涉型传感器同时测量应变和温度的一般理论，并通过实验证明了这一理论的可行性。对３０ｃｍ长的ｂｏｗ－ｔｉｅ型光纤的实验结果表明，在温度变化７０℃，光纤长度变化５００μｍ测量范围内，最大误差分别为±２．５℃和±８μｍ。由于这一传感器只利用了正交基模的偏振干涉，因此具有较好的稳定性。     

Fabrication of Optical Fiber Devices

In this paper we present the main research activities of the Laboratorio de Fibras Opticas del Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de la Universidad de Valencia. We show some of the main results obtained for devices based on tapered fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, acousto-optic effects and photonic crystal fibers.     

Fabrication of Optical Fiber Devices

In this paper we present the main research activities of the Laboratorio de Fibras Opticas del Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de la Universidad de Valencia. We show some of the main results obtained for devices based on tapered fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, acousto-optic effects and photonic crystal fibers.     

Input Power Conditions for Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors in Raman Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry

The critical power of the input pulse in which spontaneous Raman scattering is not seriously disturbed by stimulated Raman scattering in a fiber optic temperature sensor has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The critical power determines the critical distance, which is nearly equal to the distance where optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) signal of the stimulated Raman scattering becomes maximum. From this fact, a new method to determine the critical input power with the OTDR system has been proposed, which may be applicable to most distributed fiber optic temperature sensors. It has been determined that the critical power of the input pulse is 4 watts for an infinitely long silica fiber.Presented at the International Commission of Optics Topical Meeting, Kyoto, 1994.     

多参量同时测量的干涉型光纤传感器

提出用椭圆纤芯高双折射光纤偏振干涉和双模干涉结合的四参量以及双模干涉的多参量同时测量的传感理论和实验原理，对交叉灵敏度作了分析，同时给出了误差分析，并结合理论模型对灵敏度矩阵的状态作了粗略估计。     

光纤光栅复用温度传感研究

提出了一种基于匹配光栅调谐光纤激光器波长扫描寻址的新光纤光栅复用传感解方案,理论上分析了系统的响应特性,实验上完成了三光栅复用温度传感,实验结果与理论值相一致。     

基于表面等离子体共振原理的空芯光纤传感器

设计了一种基于表面等离子体共振原理,使用空芯光纤作为光波导、外表面镀金属膜的光学材料圆柱体作为探头的新型折射率传感器。通过建立光学模型进行分析,在理论上推导出了这种传感器的传输光谱损耗公式,并针对该传感器在不同的光纤长度、探头材料、检测物质折射率等参数设置下的检测性能进行了分析,获得了各种参数对其性能的影响。由于该传感器可针对不同折射率的检测物质灵活地更换合适探头材料,相对于传统的表面等离子体共振光纤传感器,在易用性和性价比等方面具有更好的应用价值。     

Characterization of Encapsulating Materials for Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Temperature Sensors

Abstract

An experimental study has been carried out for the characterization of encapsulating materials for fiber Bragg grating-based temperature sensors to prevent the formation of micro-cracks and devitrification on the fiber surface at elevated temperatures by making use of a rigid probe. The developed sensor probe was configured by encapsulating a type 1 fiber Bragg grating with an aluminum nitride tube and is used to measure temperatures from 20°C to 500°C. The adapted encapsulation technique validated the sensor to achieve linearity of 99.979%, sensitivity of 14.03 ± 0.02 pm/°C, and good repeatability; its practical use in harsh environments is predicted.     

Coupling-Wave Structures for Optical Waveguide Sensors

An optical waveguide sensor structure, i.e. a coupling-wave structure, is presented and analyzed on the basis of a codirectional coupler. Potential uses for absorption-and fluorescence based sensors are theoretically explained by the group index method (D.-K. Qing, X-.M-. Chen, K. Itoh, M. Murabayashi: J. Lightwave Technol. 14 (1996) 1907). Refractive-index-based sensors were also analyzed. An actual coupling-wave structure was realized by combining the ion-exchange and the sol-gel methods. The coupling-wave structure that provides effective sensing interaction is easy to fabricate and can be used to realize optical waveguide chemical or biological sensors.     

双涂层光纤应变传感器的理论与实验研究

对带有聚合物涂敷层和缓冲层的光纤应变传感器的力学特性进行了研究,建立了双涂层光纤与基体材料相互作用的线弹性理论模型.理论研究表明：在小半径近似条件下,双涂层光纤的力学传递特性决定于涂覆层和缓冲层的弹性模量的相对值;当缓冲层的弹性模量远大于涂覆层时,其作用可忽略.实验中,将光纤传感器埋入基体材料内部,利用白光干涉应变测量方法,对平均应变传递系数进行了实验研究.实验结果与理论仿真具有较好的一致性.     

激光拉曼型分布光纤温度传感器系统

激光拉螺型分布光纤温度传感器系统是一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布的光纤传感系统，在系统中光纤既是传输媒体也是传感媒体。本文讨论了系统的工作原理、设计思想、系统的结构，在系统中采用光纤的光时域反射技术，背向光纤激光自发拉曼光谱技术，双波长、双通道光电检测和自校正技术，高速瞬态采样平均技术。