稀土Pr6O11上CO和表面羟基反应的原位FT-IR研究

利用FT-IR原位考察了稀土氧化镨上CO和表面羟基的反应。在473K以下,未检测到CO和氧化镨表面反应的吸附物种;在CO气氛中,升温到473K,观察到甲酸根吸附物种的红外特征峰1578,1371和1367cm~(-1)。用同位素D_2部分还原的氧化镨吸附CO以及甲酸吸附证实了CO与氧化镨表面的羟基反应可生成表面甲酸根吸附物种。讨论了CO在氧化镨表面的反应机理及甲酸根的氧化过程。     

H2,CO和H2/CO在ZrO2催化剂上吸附行为研究

用insituFTIR法研究了H₂、CO及CO/H₂在ZrO₂表面的吸附行为.结果表明,H₂在ZrO₂表面吸附存在两种形态的羟基(即ZrOH和ZrOHZr),吸附温度增加,羟基数量增加.CO在200℃易与ZrO₂表面羟基作用形成甲酸盐物种,吸附温度升高时,该物种逐渐分解生成CO和ZrOH.当CO和H₂共存时,表面甲酸盐的量明显增加,并随温度增加,逐渐加氢形成甲氧基,最后生成甲烷.甲氧基的加氢过程较慢,所需反应温度也较高,被认为是CO加氢合成醇的速控步骤.     

甲酸在轻微氧化的Nb(110)表面吸附的HREELS研究

用高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)研究了甲酸在轻微氧化的Nb(110)表面(O/Nb原子比=0.2)上的吸附与分解,提出了相应的表面反应模式.140K时,低暴露量的甲酸在该表面解离生成甲酸根(HCOO),生成的甲酸根以单齿形式键合在Nb上,同时也有少量甲酸分解生成吸附态的CO;高暴露量时则生成多层物理吸附的固体甲酸.升温至～190K,物理吸附的甲酸脱附,此时的表面为单齿键合的HCOO和CO所覆盖.温度升至250～300K时,HCOO的吸附态由单齿式转变成桥式,同时表面吸附的CO分子消失.升温过程的HREELS表明HCOO的分解导致了Nb的氧化.暴露量较高时表面的甲酸根比较稳定以致于在540K的高温时仍不完全分解.     

CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整反应机理和中间态

应用质谱在线技术,对CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整（SRM）反应进行程序升温脱附（TPD）和程序升温表面反应（TPSR）研究.结果表明:在反应态催化剂表面,甲醇以分子吸附态形式存在,甲醇水蒸汽重整反应经历甲酸根中间物种.分别用CuO、CuO-ZnO、CuO-ZnO-ZrO2作催化剂,甲醇在气流中的摩尔分数分别高于5.4％、0.37％和0.17％时,甲酸根中间态的分解产物为CO2和H2;而甲醇在气流中的摩尔分数分别低于5.4％、0.37％和0.17％时,甲酸根中间态的分解产物为CO、CO2和H2.     

CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整反应机理和中间态

应用质谱在线技术,对CuO-ZnO-ZrO2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整(SRM)反应进行程序升温脱附(TPD)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)研究.结果表明:在反应态催化剂表面,甲醇以分子吸附态形式存在,甲醇水蒸汽重整反应经历甲酸根中间物种.分别用CuO、CuO-ZnO、CuO-ZnO-ZrO2作催化剂,甲醇在气流中的摩尔分数分别高于5.4%、0.37%和0.17%时,甲酸根中间态的分解产物为CO2和H2;而甲醇在气流中的摩尔分数分别低于5.4%、0.37%和0.17%时,甲酸根中间态的分解产物为CO、CO2和H2.     

CeO2(110)表面上CO氧化反应的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论系统研究了O2与CO在CeO2(110)表面的吸附反应行为. 研究表明, O2在洁净的CeO2(110)表面吸附热力学不利, 而在氧空位表面为强化学吸附, O2分子被活化, 可能是重要的氧化反应物种. CO在洁净的CeO2(110)表面有化学吸附与物理吸附两种构型, 前者形成二齿碳酸盐物种, 后者与表面仅存在弱的相互作用. 在氧空位表面, CO可分子吸附或形成碳酸盐物种, 相应吸附能均较低. 当表面氧空位吸附O2后(O2/Ov), CO可吸附生成碳酸盐或直接生成CO2, 与原位红外光谱结果相一致. 过渡态计算发现,O2/Ov/CeO2(110)表面的三齿碳酸盐物种经两齿、单齿过渡态脱附生成CO2. 利用扩展休克尔分子轨道理论分析了典型吸附构型的电子结构, 说明表面碳酸盐物种三个氧原子电子存在离域作用, 物理吸附的CO及生成的CO2电子结构与相应自由分子相似.     

Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3 OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂,利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2和CH3OH的化学吸附和反应性能.结果表明:Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2中Ni2+与载体SiO2表面O2-以双齿配位形式键合,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2;CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态,CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态;在100～200℃条件下,CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2O;根据反应结果,讨论了催化反应机理.     

ZrO2修饰Cu催化剂对甲醇吸附原位红外表征

通过原位红外漫反射实验比较研究了甲醇在Cu及ZrO2/Cu催化剂表面的吸附与反应,并且采用不同还原温度来处理催化剂,改变催化剂表面的氧含量,并进一步研究甲醇吸附和反应性能随着催化剂表面氧含量的变化规律.结果表明,甲醇在Cu催化剂表面反应生成吸附态甲醛物种,进一步生成CO2,而在ZrO2/Cu表面形成甲酸盐物种,并与表面氧进一步反应生成CO2.随着催化剂还原温度的升高,反应中间物进一步生成CO2的反应速率变慢,说明催化剂表面的氧物种含量决定着催化剂甲醇吸附中间物种的形成及反应速率.     

CO在CeO2(111)表面的吸附与氧化

采用密度泛函理论计算了CO在CeO2(111)表面的吸附与氧化反应行为. 结果表明, O2在洁净的CeO2(111)表面为弱物理吸附, 而在氧空位表面是强化学吸附, 且O2分子活化程度较大, O—O键长为0.143 nm. CO在CeO2(111)表面吸附行为的研究表明, CO在洁净表面及氧空位表面上为物理吸附, 吸附能均小于0.42 eV; 当表面氧空位吸附O2后, CO可吸附生成二齿碳酸盐中间体或直接生成CO2, 与原位红外光谱结果相一致. 表面碳酸盐物种脱附生成CO2的能垒仅为0.28 eV. 计算结果表明, 当CeO2表面存在氧空位时, Hubbard参数U对CO吸附能有一定的影响. CeO2载体在氧化反应中可能的催化作用为, 在氧气氛下, CeO2表面氧空位吸附O2分子, 形成活性氧物种, 参与CO催化氧化反应.     

不同粒径的Ni/SiO2催化剂上CH4和CO2吸附活化的漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

 采用原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了CH4和CO2在不同粒径的Ni/SiO2催化剂上的吸附及活化. 结果表明,在不同粒径的催化剂上,检测到有CH4解离生成的CHx(x=1～3)物种,以及催化剂表面吸附的CHx物种与表面-OH 作用生成的CHx-O物种. CH4的裂解强烈依赖于催化剂表面Ni颗粒的大小,在粒径8 nm左右的Ni颗粒上, CH4较易解离; CO2难以直接在Ni/SiO2催化剂表面发生解离吸附,但CH4解离生成的吸附H对CO2的解离吸附具有明显的促进作用; CH4与CO2共吸附时,较小粒径的Ni可以促进CO2与表面氧物种发生反应,生成单齿表面碳酸盐物种.     

Syntheses of 2-hydroperoxy-and 2-hydroxy-2H-imidazoles

Oxidation of fully substituted imidazoles 1 by singlet oxygen gives in good yield fully substituted 2-hydroperoxy-2H-imidazoles 2 . Reduction of 2 by triphenylphosphine leads to 2-hydroxy-2H-irnidazoles 3 . Limitations of the methods are reported.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Photocycloaddition of 2-Cyanocycloalk-2-Enones to 2, 3-Dimethylbut-2-Ene

Irradiation of 5,5-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohex- l-ene- l-carbonitrile ( 1 ) in the presence of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene afforded 3,3,4,4,7,7-hexamethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroindeno[1,7-c,d]-],2-oxazole (3) in nearly quantitative yield. In contrast, 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-cyclopent-l-ene-l-carbonitrile ( 2 ) under the same conditions reacted not to a tricyclic isoxazole but to a 2:1 mixture of 3,3,6,6,7,7-hexamethyl-2-oxo-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-l-carbonitrile ( 4 ) and trans-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-5-(2,3-dimethylbut-3-en-2-yl)cyclopentane-l-carbonitrile ( 5 ), respectively.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.     

Efficient C2 functionalisation of 2H-2-imidazolines

Alkylation and oxidation of 2H-2-imidazolines, followed by regioselective deprotection, thionation and microwave-assisted Liebeskind-Srogl reaction, efficiently led to 2-aryl-2-imidazolines as new analogues of p53-hdm2 interaction inhibitors (Nutlins).