一类最优EOQ模型的进一步扩展

对一类经济批量订购模型作如下进一步扩展:第一,允许短缺,短缺量部分拖后供给,且短缺期间损失率与实际缺货量成正比;第二,订购费用是可变的,且线性依赖于订购量.在此假定下,研究了有限计划时间水平及常数变质率下,部分短缺量拖后的变质性物品多阶段库存问题,给出了寻找最优订购策略的算法,证明了所给最优策略的存在唯一性及在该策略下费用函数取得最小值.最后给出应用实例.     

CIMS下基于成组单元的无能力约束的生产批量计划的新方法

CIMS中基于成组单元的生产批量计划问题是确定属于M个族的N种不同的项目在给定的计划范围T内的每一个时间段上的批量，使得在T内项目总的调整费用（族调整费用和项目调整费用之和）和库存保管费用以及生产费用之和最小（GTLS）本文基于GTLS问题的性质，从一个新的角度即从调整变量出发，运用遗传算法（GA）随机搜索进行求解．对GTLS构造了两阶段启发式算法（Heuristic），通过仿真实验，测试6个问题表明，GTLS／GA比GTLS／Heuristic平均改善5％以内．     

一类过程需求存贮系统的策略研究及其费用弹性分析

本文首先讨论了需求到达为复合泊松随机过程的库存管理问题,给出了在单位时间内期望总成本费用最小的条件下的确定性的最优订货策略(Q,T).然后分析了在订购量和订购周期为随机变量,其联合分布已知的条件下,基于随机局部弹性理论,分析了总费用关于订购量和订购周期的局部弹性的联合分布,为订购策略的制定提供了合理的依据.     

基于ERP的(s,S)策略下库存优化控制决策支持系统

针对当前ERP软件系统无法动态地给出优化订购策略并对历史数据进行有效的分析等不足,以最小化库存费用为目标建立起折扣准则下库存优化数学模型,对ERP软件中导出的各类历史数据进行模型化分析,动态地得出各类产品(s,S)结构形式的优化订购策略.基于该模型设计并开发了库存优化控制决策支持系统,为用户提供决策支持,很大程度降低了企业库存费用.     

提前期不确定条件下的预防性维修备件存储模型研究

在考虑预防性维修周期和提前期不确定的条件下,分别研究备件存储与其相关的维修费用、缺货费用、库存费用以及订购费用等四种费用之间的关系,明确了备件存储量对各项费用的影响.以各项费用总和最小化为目标,构建了提前期不确定条件下的预防性维修备件存储模型.通过备件存储模型的构建,对备件存储过程中的各项成本进行分析,以期对备件库存策略的确定给出一种解决方案.     

变换核估计在未知需求分布函数条件下多阶段库存控制策略中的应用研究

传统的多阶段库存控制主要致力于库存持有以及过多库存的经济性研究.随机库存模型经常假定需求分布已知,这样可以产生容易解决的方案.但随着销售信息的不断更新,需求分布函数的参数常常未知.这样传统的多阶段库存模型很难产生最优的库存控制策略.当前文献对未知需求分布函数条件下的多阶段库存管理问题研究得不多,当需求分布函数随时间变化,是个多阶段随机规划问题,通常情况难以直接进行求解.针对一般非平稳需求,还缺少有效的库存管理方法.本文致力于变换核估计和优化理论相结合的方法研究未知需求分布函数条件下多阶段库存控制策略,提供一条多阶段库存控制的新思路.可以很好地确定各阶段的最优订货点、最高库存、最低库存等来达到整个系统的最优,从而节省更多的成本,达到营运资本的永久性减少、更高的销售量和客户满意度,从而增加企业的竞争力.     

需求率依赖于库存水平的离散性库存费的库存模型

传统的库存控制模型都视需求率为固定不变的,放松了这个假定,通过考虑库存费为存储时间的阶梯函数的情形:(1)全单位库存费用,(2)增量库存费用,并且在需求率依赖于库存水平,当库存水平下降到一定程度时,需求率变为常数的形式下,把变化的订购费引入,发展了两个离散性库存费的变质物品的库存控制模型。在模型中允许周期末库存水平不为零,并且提出了最优解的算法。     

库存理论(四)

4.2基于稳态分析的随机库存模型 前面讨论的多阶段随机库存模型中利用了动态规划的最优化原理,把问题的求解化为一个多阶段决策过程.一般来讲,其求解是很困难的.本段从另外的角度来考虑.假定讨论的是无限时段,由库存水平(随机过程)的稳态分析,根据所采用的定货策略对系统加上费用结构,然后对稳态下单位时间系统运行的期望总平均费用(或折扣费用)求极小,用这种方法来求出最优策略中的参数. 我们先从最简单的随机模型开始. 4.2.1单个需求连续盘点的随机库存模型 假定α)相邻单个需求之间的时间间隔X1, X2,…独立同分布X,有分布F(x),密度f(x)…     

数理统计学在多阶段库存管理模型中的研究综述

多阶段库存问题是供应链管理的重要课题,基于数理统计学在临界值策略方面、需求分布函数估计方面、优化算法方面介绍了国内外多阶段库存管理模型模型的研究进展和现状.     

一种改进企业在框架协议下库存管理的方法

企业为了货源的稳定而与供应商签订一定期限内的订购框架协议,但如何实施订购策略以保障协议量的完成,保证满足需求的同时最小化企业的库存成本成为企业必须考虑的一个问题.传统的企业库存管理方法如(r,Q)、(s,S)等订购策略在一定程度上只考虑了如何满足需求,避免缺货,而没有考虑供应商的供货能力,在协议期内的总订购量只考虑了需求的影响,因而不能保证框架协议的完成.本文在(s,S)策略的基础上,考虑了框架协议的约束,提出了一种既能够保障框架协议的完成,又能够最大限度满足需求,同时降低企业库存成本的方法一“双表作业法”,并验证了方法的有效性.     

基于预约模式的移动充电车实时需求响应策略研究

预约模式下移动充电车实时需求响应问题是移动充电行业发展过程中的新问题,该问题包含了两类不同特点、存在动态交替影响关系的需求,不仅有时间窗约束、实时响应性要求,也有动态不确定性的特点。针对以上问题特点,本文以最大化整体收益为目标,提出联动的两阶段实时需求响应策略,引用近似动态规划求解决策未来价值,并融入到以下两阶段中：第一阶段基于多阶段随机动态决策模型与禁忌搜索算法生成了可以动态调整的充电服务方案;第二阶段基于第一阶段提出了针对动态需求的实时响应决策流程。最后,对比实验验证了本策略在不同客户规模与动态度下的有效性,并得出管理启示。本研究可以支持制定移动充电车的实时需求响应策略,对类似具有动态特征的需求响应问题具有启发意义。     

Optimal configuration of a decentralized, market-driven production/inventory system

Pull systems are inherently easier to implement on the shop-floor; however, they are quite difficult to plan and design for optimal operation, leaving little guidelines to system designers and practitioners. In this paper we use an effective and relatively fast numerical method to understand the optimal configuration of a multi-stage, multi-product, decentralized, market-driven production/inventory system that minimizes average inventory holding subject to a service level constraint through selection of various production and procurement control parameters. We have also conducted a number of numerical experiments to understand how the control policies respond to changes in the system parameters, such as the number of stages, system workload, demand arrival rates of products, and inventory holding costs.     

The effect of information sharing on supply chain stability and the bullwhip effect

This paper analyzes the bullwhip effect in multi-stage supply chains operated with linear and time-invariant inventory management policies and shared supply chain information. Such information includes past order sequences and inventory records at all supplier stages. The paper characterizes the stream of orders placed at any stage of the chain when the customer demand process is known and ergodic, and gives an exact formula for the variance of the orders placed. The paper also derives robust analytical conditions, based only on inventory management policies, to predict the presence of the bullwhip effect and bound its magnitude. These results hold independently of the customer demand. The general framework proposed in this paper allows for any inventory replenishment policies, any ways of sharing and utilizing information, and any customer demand processes. It is also shown as a special case that sharing customer demand information across the chain significantly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the bullwhip effect.     

Integrating operations and marketing decisions using delayed differentiation of products and guaranteed delivery time under stochastic demand

In this research, we integrate the issues related to operations and marketing strategy of firms characterized by large product variety, short lead times, and demand variability in an assemble-to-order environment. The operations decisions are the inventory level of components and semi-finished goods, and configuration of semi-finished goods. The marketing decisions are the products price and a lead time guarantee which is uniform for all products. We develop an integrated mathematical model that captures trade-offs related to inventory of semi-finished goods, inventory of components, outsourcing costs, and customer demand based on guaranteed lead time and price.The mathematical model is a two-stage, stochastic, integer, and non-linear programming problem. In the first stage, prior to demand realization, the operation and marketing decisions are determined. In the second stage, inventory is allocated to meet the demand. The objective is to maximize the expected profit per-unit time. The computational results on the test problems provide managerial insights for firms faced with the conflicting needs of offering: (i) low prices, (ii) guaranteed and short lead time, and (iii) a large product variety by leveraging operations decisions.     

Reducing lost-sales rate on the stochastic inventory model with defective goods for the mixtures of distributions

In this paper, we assume that the demands of different customers are not identical in the lead time. Thus, we investigate a continuous review inventory model involving controllable lead time and a random number of defective goods in buyer’s arriving order lot with partial lost sales for the mixtures of distributions of the lead time demand to accommodate more practical features of the real inventory systems. Moreover, we analyze the effects of increasing investment to reduce the lost sales rate when the order quantity, reorder point, lost sales rate and lead time are treated as decision variables. In our studies, we first assume that the lead time demand follows the mixture of normal distributions, and then relax the assumption about the form of the mixture of distribution functions of the lead time demand and apply the minimax distribution free procedure to solve the problem. By analyzing the total expected cost function, we develop an algorithm to obtain the optimal ordering policy and the optimal investment strategy for each case. Finally, we provide numerical examples to illustrate the results.     

Modeling inventory routing problems in supply chains of high consumption products

Given a distribution center and a set of sales-points with their demand rates, the objective of the inventory routing problem (IRP) is to determine a distribution plan that minimizes fleet operating and average total distribution and inventory holding costs without causing a stock-out at any of the sales-points during a given planning horizon. We propose a new model for the long-term IRP when demand rates are stable and economic order quantity-like policies are used to manage inventories of the sales-points. The proposed model extends the concept of vehicle routes (tours) to vehicle multi-tours. To solve the nonlinear mixed integer formulation of this problem, a column generation based approximation method is suggested. The resulting sub-problems are solved using a savings-based approximation method. The approach is tested on randomly generated problems with different settings of some critical factors to compare our model using multi-tours as basic constructs to the model using simple tours as basic constructs.     

价格数量折扣下多阶段报童问题的在线策略

价格数量折扣可以提高订购量, 是库存决策中的一个重要因素. 特别地, 当订购量达到一定水平时, 价格折扣才会发生. 应用理论计算机科学兴起的弱集成算法, 研究具有这种价格数量折扣的多阶段报童问题的在线策略. 弱集成算法是一种在线序列决策算法, 其主要特点是不对未来输入做任何统计假设, 克服了报童问题研究中需要对需求做概率假设的困难. 主要将弱集成算法应用到固定订购量的专家策略, 给出了价格数量折扣下多阶段报童问题的具体在线策略;得到了该在线策略相对于最优专家策略的理论保证. 进一步将回收价值和缺货损失费引入, 给出了推广的在线策略及其理论结果. 最后应用数值算例说明了给出的在线策略具有较好的竞争性能.