Spinodal decomposition of off-critical quenches with a viscous phase using dissipative particle dynamics in two and three spatial dimensions

We investigate the domain growth and phase separation of hydrodynamically correct binary immiscible fluids of differing viscosity as a function of minority phase concentration in both two and three spatial dimensions using dissipative particle dynamics. We also examine the behavior of equal-viscosity fluids and compare our results to similar lattice-gas simulations in two dimensions.     

Quantum emulsion: a glassy phase of bosonic mixtures in optical lattices

We numerically investigate mixtures of two interacting bosonic species with unequal parameters in one-dimensional optical lattices. In large parameter regions full phase segregation is seen to minimize the energy of the system, but the true ground state is masked by an exponentially large number of metastable states characterized by microscopic phase separation. The ensemble of these quantum emulsion states, reminiscent of emulsions of immiscible fluids, has macroscopic properties analogous to those of a Bose glass, namely, a finite compressibility in absence of superfluidity. Their metastability is probed by extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulations generating rich correlated stochastic dynamics. The tuning of the repulsion of one of the two species via a Feshbach resonance drives the system through a quantum phase transition to the superfluid state.     

Dual-species matter qubit entangled with light

We propose and demonstrate an atomic qubit based on a cold 85Rb-87Rb isotopic mixture, entangled with a frequency-encoded optical qubit. The interface of an atomic qubit with a single spatial light mode, and the ability to independently address the two atomic qubit states, should provide the basic interferometrically robust element of a quantum network.     

Mass-imbalanced Bose-Einstein condensed mixtures in rotating perturbed trap

We consider the mass-imbalanced sensibility for the emergence of vortex patterns in the Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture of rubidium-cesium (⁸⁵Rb-¹³³Cs), confined in quasi-two-dimensional harmonic traps, with one species linearly perturbed in one direction. Non-dipolar coupled species are chosen to highlight mass symmetry effects. We first analyze the condensed mixture in the unperturbed non-rotating regime, where radial phase separation is verified in the immiscible regime, which occurs for large ratio between inter- and intra-species repulsive interactions. By going to the linear perturbed regime, the radial phase separation that occurs in the immiscible condition splits up with the two densities having their maxima at distinct positions. In the rotating regime of both unperturbed and perturbed cases, the minimum rotation is determined in terms of the inter-species interaction to observe vortex structures. In the immiscible regime a dramatic spatial interchange between the species is verified by increasing the rotation.     

Numerical simulation for separation of multi-phase immiscible fluids in porous media

Based on a lattice Boltzmann method and general principles of porous flow, a numerical technique is presented for analysing the separation of multi-phase immiscible fluids in porous media. The total body force acting on fluid particles is modified by axiding relative permeability in Nithiarasu＇s expression with an axiditional surface tension term. As a test of this model, we simulate the phase separation for the case of two immiscible fluids. The numerical results show that the two coupling relative permeability coefficients K12 and K21 have the same magnitude, so the linear flux-forcing relationships satisfy Onsager reciprocity. Phase separation phenomenon is shown with the time evolution of density distribution and bears a strong similarity to the results obtained from other numerical models and the flows in sands. At the same time, the dynamical rules in this model are local, therefore it can be run on massively parallel computers with well computational efficiency.     

Observation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules from a 85Rb-87Rb gas

We report on the observation of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. Starting with a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate and a cold atomic gas of 85Rb, we utilize previously unobserved interspecies Feshbach resonances to create up to 25,000 molecules. Even though the 85Rb gas is nondegenerate, we observe a large molecular conversion efficiency due to the presence of a quantum degenerate 87Rb gas; this represents a key feature of our system. We compare the molecule creation at two different Feshbach resonances with different magnetic-field widths. The two Feshbach resonances are located at 265.44+/-0.15 G and 372.4+/-1.3 G. We also directly measure the small binding energy of the molecules through resonant magnetic-field association.     

Effect of Shear Flow on Nanoparticles Migration near Liquid Interfaces

The effect of shear flow on spherical nanoparticles (NPs) migration near a liquid–liquid interface is studied by numerical simulation. We have implemented a compact model through which we use the diffuse interface method for modeling the two fluids and the molecular dynamics method for the simulation of the motion of NPs. Two different cases regarding the state of the two fluids when introducing the NPs are investigated. First, we introduce the NPs randomly into the medium of the two immiscible liquids that are already separated, and the interface is formed between them. For this case, it is shown that before applying any shear flow, 30% of NPs are driven to the interface under the effect of the drag force resulting from the composition gradient between the two fluids at the interface. However, this percentage is increased to reach 66% under the effect of shear defined by a Péclet number Pe = 0.316. In this study, different shear rates are investigated in addition to different shearing times, and we show that both factors have a crucial effect regarding the migration of the NPs toward the interfacial region. In particular, a small shear rate applied for a long time will have approximately the same effect as a greater shear rate applied for a shorter time. In the second studied case, we introduce the NPs into the mixture of two fluids that are already mixed and before phase separation so that the NPs are introduced into the homogenous medium of the two fluids. For this case, we show that in the absence of shear, almost all NPs migrate to the interface during phase separation, whereas shearing has a negative result, mainly because it affects the phase separation.     

冷~(85)Rb原子中的非共线非简并四波混频的实验研究

文章介绍了在磁光阱制备的Rb85冷原子团中通过特定时序的光场进行四波混频的实验研究,我们观察到了混频光强度的空间分布,简要讨论了三束作用光场的频率和光强对混频光产生的影响.时序调制下的四波混频实验为利用冷原子系综制备非经典关联光子对提供了基础.     

Coherent dynamics of domain formation in the Bose ferromagnet

We present a theory to describe domain formation observed very recently in a quenched 87Rb gas, a typical ferromagnetic spinor Bose system. An overlap factor is introduced to characterize the symmetry breaking of MF=+/-1 components for the F=1 ferromagnetic condensate. We demonstrate that the domain formation is a coeffect of the quantum coherence and the thermal relaxation. A thermally enhanced quantum oscillation is observed during the dynamical process of the domain formation. And the spatial separation of domains leads to significant decay of the MF=0 component fraction in an initial MF=0 condensate.     

Echo spectroscopy and quantum stability of trapped atoms

We investigate the dephasing of ultra cold 85Rb atoms trapped in an optical dipole trap and prepared in a coherent superposition of their two hyperfine ground states by interaction with a microwave pulse. We demonstrate that the dephasing, measured as the Ramsey fringe contrast, can be reversed by stimulating a coherence echo with a pi pulse between the two pi / 2 pulses, in analogy to the photon echo. We also demonstrate that "echo spectroscopy" can be used to study the quantum dynamics in the trap even when more than 10(6) states are thermally populated and to study the crossover from quantum to classical dynamics.     

MHD flow of two immiscible visco-elastic Rivlin-Ericksen fluids through a non-conducting rectangular channel in presence of transient pressure gradient

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of MHD flow of two immiscible viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen fluids through a non-conducting rectangular channel in presence of transient pressure gradient. Appropriate to the boundary conditions of the problem the solution is derived by variable separation technique. Using this solution the interface velocity, flux, skin friction and mean velocity are derived. In absence of the magnetic field and the elastic behaviour the corresponding classical problem can be derived.     

Interface profile evolution between binary immiscible fluids induced by high magnetic field gradients

A mechanical analysis is done to find the evolution of the interface profile between binary immiscible fluids induced by a three-dimensional orthogonal magnetic field gradient.In the experiments,the changes of the interface profile between four groups of binary immiscible fluids are investigated under the same horizontal magnetic field gradients.The binary immiscible fluids are made of benzene and other liquids,like CuSO4,Fecl3,FeSO4 or Cucl2 aqueous solutions.In addition,the interface profile between the benzene and CuSO4 aqueous solution is examined under different horizontal magnetic field gradients.The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.This study explains the enhanced Moses effect from a mechanics standpoint.Furthermore,a new method for susceptibility measurement is proposed based on this enhanced Moses effect.     

Separation of two fractions of immiscible liquids by ultrasound in microgravity

Ultrasonic separation of two immiscible liquids under microgravity conditions has been demonstrated on example of liquid mixtures of FC-70 or FC-72 with silicone oils of 1.5 or 1.0 cSt viscosities, respectively. A 3-MHz focused ultrasound beam was utilized to form an emulsion from these liquid combinations, and a plane wave of the same frequency served to separate (demix) fluids. Droplet deformation under pulsed ultrasound in microgravity conditions is reported, and the observed singular behavior is discussed.     

Statistical characterization of an ensemble of functional neural networks

The Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional with two order parameters has been widely used to describe surfactant adsorption phenomena at the interface between two immiscible fluids such as oil and water. To model surfactant adsorption, additional surfactant related terms are added to the original free energy functional which models an immiscible binary mixture. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison of phase-field models for an immiscible binary mixture with surfactant. In particular, we investigate the effects of mathematical model parameters on equilibrium surfactant profile across the interface between the immiscible binary mixture. Most previous models have severe time-step constraints due to the nonlinear coupling of order parameters. To solve these stability problems, we propose a special case of these models which allows the use of a much larger time-step size. We also apply a type of unconditionally gradient stable scheme and a fast multigrid method to solve the proposed model efficiently and accurately.     

Double point contact in quantum Hall line junctions

We show that multiple point contacts on a barrier separating two laterally coupled quantum Hall fluids induce Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations in the tunneling conductance. These quantum coherence effects provide new evidence for the Luttinger liquid behavior of the edge states of quantum Hall fluids. For a two point contact, we identify coherent and incoherent regimes determined by the relative magnitude of their separation and the temperature. We analyze both regimes in the strong and weak tunneling amplitude limits as well as their temperature dependence. We find that the tunneling conductance should exhibit AB oscillations in the coherent regime, both at strong and weak tunneling amplitudes with the same period but with different functional form.     

Viscous Fingering Patterns in Ferrofluids

Viscous fingering occurs in the flow of two immiscible, viscous fluids between the plates of a Hele–Shaw cell. Due to pressure gradients or gravity, the initially planar interface separating the two fluids undergoes a Saffman–Taylor instability and develops fingerlike structures. When one of the fluids is a ferrofluid and a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, the labyrinthine instability supplements the usual viscous fingering instability, resulting in visually striking, complex patterns. We consider this problem in a rectangular flow geometry using a perturbative mode-coupling analysis. We deduce two general results: viscosity contrast between the fluids drives interface asymmetry, with no contribution from magnetic forces; magnetic repulsion within the ferrofluid generates finger tip-splitting, which is absent in the rectangular geometry for ordinary fluids.     

Stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluids in the presence of interfacial surfactant

The shear-thinning influence on the core-annular flow stability of two immiscible power-law fluids is considered by making a linear stability analysis.The flow is driven by an axial pressure gradient in a straight pipe with the interface between the two fluids occupied by an insoluble surfactant.Given the basic flow for this core-annular arrangement,the analytical solution is obtained with respect to the power-law fluid model.The linearized equations for the evolution of infinitesimal disturbances are deriv...     

Computations of multi-fluid flows

Full numerical simulations of three-dimensional flows of two or more immiscible fluids of different densities and viscosities separated by a sharp interface with finite surface tension are discussed. The method used is based on a finite difference approximation of the full Navier-Stokes equations and explicit tracking of the interface between the fluids. Preliminary simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the motion of bubbles are shown.     

Spatial interference of coherent atomic waves by manipulation of the internal quantum state

A trapped >(87)Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is initially put into a superposition of two internal states. Under the effect of gravity and by means of a second transition, we prepare two vertically displaced condensates in the same internal state. These constitute two coherent sources of matter waves with adjustable spatial separation. Fringe patterns, observed after free expansion, are associated with the interplay between internal and external degrees of freedom and substantially agree with those for a double-slit experiment.     

Coherent control of ultracold molecule dynamics in a magneto-optical trap by use of chirped femtosecond laser pulses

We have studied the effects of chirped femtosecond laser pulses on the formation of ultracold molecules in a Rb magneto-optical trap. We have found that application of chirped femtosecond pulses suppressed the formation of (85)Rb and (87)Rb(2) a(3)sigma(+)(u) molecules in contrast to comparable nonchirped pulses, cw illumination, and background formation rates. Variation of the amount of chirp indicated that this suppression is coherent in nature, suggesting that coherent control is likely to be useful for manipulating the dynamics of ultracold quantum molecular gases.