Solid Phase Extraction of Uranium by Naphthalene‐Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride and Arsenazo(III) Adsorbent and Subsequent Spectrophotometric Determination

A simple and effective method has been presented for the preconcentration of uranium by solid phase extraction. For this purpose arsenazo(III) supported on naphthalene‐methyltrioctylammonium chloride was used as an adsorbent and uranium solution at pH 3.5 with flow rate of 1 mL·min⁻¹ was passed through the column. Therefore, uranium‐arsenazo(III) complex was formed onto column. Uranium was quantitatively eluted with 5 mL of a 0.1% ammonium tetraphenylborate and determined by spectrophotometric method at 652 nm. Several parameters such as pH, amount of reagents, sample volume, etc. were investigated. The effect of diverse ions on the preconcentration has also been studied and the optimized conditions developed have been utilized for the trace determination of uranium. A preconcentration factor of 100 was achieved. The relative standard deviation (N=8) was 0.5% for 3 ng· mL⁻¹ of uranium. The three sigma detection limit (36) was 0.045 ng·mL⁻¹     

Preconcentration,Determination and Speciation of Chromium(III) Using Solid Phase Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A facile, reliable and reproducible method for speciation and determination of the traces amounts of chromium(III) in waste water has been developed. The method was based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI‐18 DSK^? disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution was efficient and quantitative. The effects of potential interfering ions, pH, ligand amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break‐through volume was found to be about 1500 mL providing a preconcentration factor of 300. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be 225 ± 3.9 μg for Cr³⁺. A limit of detection of 0.02 ng.mL ^?1 was obtained, and the method was applied for determination of chromium in electroplating industries waste water located in the eastern regions of Tehran.     

全自动固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中多氯联苯总量

应用全自动固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中多氯联苯6个Aroclor系列的总量。以特征"指纹峰"为定性依据,用外标法定量。优化的固相萃取条件为:1固相萃取柱为Bond Elut C18柱;2水样体积1.0L;3水样流量10mL·min-1;4洗脱剂为15mL二氯甲烷和15mL乙酸乙酯。用DB-5MS柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测。各多氯联苯的线性范围均为7.0~140.0μg·L-1,检出限均为0.7μg·L-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在70.1%~90.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.3%~6.6%之间。     

Selective Pre-concentration and Solid Phase Extraction of Mercury（Ⅱ） from Natural Water by Silica Gel-loaded （E）-N-（1-Thien-2＇-ylethylidene）-1,2-phenylenediamine Phase

Silica gel-loaded （E）-N-（1-thien-2＇-ylethylidene）-1,2-phenylenediamine （TEPDA） phase was synthesized based on physical adsorption approaches. The stability of a chemically modified TEPDA especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid that was then used as a recycling and preconcentration reagent allowed the further uses of silica gel-loaded immobilized TEPDA phase. The application of this silica gel-loaded phase to sorption of a series of metal ions was performed by using different controlling factors such as the pH of the metal ion solution and the equilibration shaking time by the static technique. This difference was interpreted on the basis of selectivity incorporated in these sulfur containing silica gel-loaded TEPDA phases. Hg（Ⅱ） was found to exhibit the highest affinity towards extraction by these silica gel-loaded TEPDA phases. The pronounced selectivity was also confirmed by the determined distribution coefficients （Kd） of all the metal ions, showing the highest value reported for mercury（Ⅱ） extraction by the silica gel immobilized TEPDA phase. The potential applications of the silica gel immobilized TEPDA phase to selective extraction of mercury（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution were successfully accomplished and preconcentration of low concentration of Hg（Ⅱ） （30 pg·mL^-1） from natural tap water with a preconcentration factor of 200 for Hg（Ⅱ） off-line analysis was conducted by cold vapor atomic absorption analysis.     

Determination of some β‐Blockers by Electrochemical Detection on Polycrstalline Gold Electrode after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

The electroanalytical characterization and determination of three selected β‐blocker agents, namely propranolol, atenolol and nadolol using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.5) plus 22 % acetonitrile (ACN), was described. The analytes were characterized through their electrooxidation processes on polycrystalline gold electrodes. The analytical determination of the selected molecules was performed using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at pH 2.5. Under DPV conditions, the detection limits (LODs) ranged between 5 μM and 20 μM for propranolol and atenolol, respectively. For all investigated molecules, two well‐defined ranges of linearity Ip vs analyte concentration have been identified which correspond to specific calibration parameters. Calibration graphs (Ip vs concentration) considered in the first interval of linearity, shown correlation coefficients >0.99. A solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure using a polymeric mixed‐mode cationic sorbent (Strata‐X‐C), was studied and optimized. The proposed DPV‐SPE method was successfully applied for the determination of propranolol in several pharmaceutical formulations and urine sample, with results in close agreement with those obtained using traditional liquid chromatography technique coupled with spectrophotometric detection.     

8-羟基喹哪啶固相萃取光度法测定水样中的铁

研究了8-羟基喹哪啶与铁的显色反应，在pH为8．0的氯化氨-氨水缓冲介质中，在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下，8-羟基喹哪啶与铁反应生成3：1稳定的蓝紫色络合物，该络合物可被Waters Sep-Park-C18固相萃取小柱萃取，用乙醇洗脱后用光度法测定，络合物λmax=600nm。在此波长下其它金属离子的络合物无光吸收，对铁选择性很好，铁含量在0-5mg/L内符合比尔定律，方法用于水样中痕量铁的测定，结果令人满意。     

Development of an Efficient Procedure for Determination of Copper,Zinc and Iron after Solid Phase Extraction on 3‐(1‐(1‐H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐Phenylallyl)‐1H‐Indole Loaded on Duolite XAD 761

A method for the simultaneous preconcentration of Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, in some food samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of 3‐(1‐(1‐H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐phenylallyl)‐1H‐indole (IPAI) loaded on Duolite XAD 761. The metal ions adsorbed on the modified solid phase resin are eluted using 6 mL of 4 mol L^?1 nitric acid. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH and amount of ligand and solid phase and type and amount of surfactant and sample volume on the metal ions recoveries were investigated. The effects of matrix ions on the retentions of the analytes were also examined. The recoveries of analytes were generally higher than 95% with a RSD lower than 5%. The method has been successfully applied for these metals content evaluation in some real samples.     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,5-苯二酚固相萃取光度法测定饮用水中铜的研究

根据新试剂2－（2－喹啉偶氮）－1，5－苯二酚（QADHB）与铜的显色反应及Waters Porapak Sep-Park固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取，建立了一种测定水样中铜的新方法。在pH=4.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中，溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（CTMAB）存在下，QADHB与铜反应生成2：1稳定络合物，该络合物可用Waters Porapak Sep-Park固相萃取小柱富集，用乙醇洗脱后用光度法测定，可测定水柱中μg/L级的铜。方法用于几种饮用水中铜的分析，结果令人满意。     

甲壳素富集固相反射分光光度法测定矿样中的铁

本文研究了一种新的固相分光光度法－固相反射分光光度法。论文从理论上推导出反射吸附值ＡＲ与物质相应的浓度Ｃ的定量关系。并以甲壳素为吸附剂，以铁，邻二氮菲和十二烷基磺酸钠的缔合物为被吸附物，进行了甲壳素相的反射分光光度法研究。     

地质样品铁同位素自动固相萃取系统研究

研发了一种自动固相萃取系统,用于分离地质样品中铁同位素。系统有4个并行通道,可以一次处理4个样品。对于这4个样品,一次处理过程仅需24 min。选用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂对花岗岩样品(GBW07103)中的铁进行萃取。在萃取过程中,当盐酸浓度大于6 mol/L时,铁形成络阴离子并被吸附在AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂上,其余阳离子被洗脱出来。用浓度为8 mol/L的HNO 3和H 2O洗脱铁,铁的洗脱体积为4 mL,铁可以被定量回收,回收率达到96.0%~107%。消除了测试过程中的基体影响,提高了样品处理效率,减少了人为污染风险,是一个多元化样品处理工具。     

A Facile Solid‐Phase Synthesis of (+)‐(S)‐Clopidogrel

Enantiomerically pure (+)‐(S)‐clopidogrel was prepared by solid‐phase synthesis using the commercially available Wang resin. This method offers mild reaction conditions and provides the (+)‐(S)‐clopidogrel in overall 52% yield over six steps and with optical purity of 98.0% ee.     

Determination of Diclofenac in Urine Samples by Molecularly‐Imprinted Solid‐Phase Extraction and Adsorptive Differential Pulse Voltammetry

A molecularly imprinted polymer for diclofenac (DCF) was prepared by thermal polymerization over silica beads using 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl‐methacrylate as functional monomer. After silica elimination by HF treatment, the polymer was applied to the selective solid‐phase extraction of the drug from urine followed by its quantification by adsorptive differential pulse voltammetry. Results indicate that the drug could be selectively extracted from the sample and quantified at clinically relevant concentrations (μg/mL).     

Study on the Solid Phase Extraction of Hg(II)‐ABR Chelate with C18 Disks and its Application to the Determination of Mercury in Tobacco and Tobacco Additives

A highly sensitive, selective and rapid method for the determination of mercury based on the rapid reaction of mercury(II) with 5‐(p‐aminobenzylidene)‐rhodanine (ABR) and the solid phase extraction of the colored chelate with C₁₈ disks has been developed. In the presence of pH = 3.5 sodium acetate‐acetic acid buffer solution and Emulsifier‐OP medium, ABR reacts with mercury(II) to form a red chelate of a molar ratio 1:2 (mercury to ABR). This chelate was enriched by the solid phase extraction with C₁₈ disks and eluted the retained chelate from the disks with dimethyl formamide (DMF). The enrichment factor of 50 was achieved. In the DMF medium, the molar absorptivity of the chelate is 1.16 × 10⁵ L.mol^?1.cm^?1 at 540 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0.01?3 μg/mL in the measured solution. The relative standard deviation for eleven replicated samples of 0.01 μg/mL level is 1.83%. This method was applied to the determination of mercury in tobacco and tobacco additives with good results.     

Modified Activated Carbon as Solid Phase Extraction Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Trace As(III) in Environmental Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A simple and selective method was developed for the preconcentration, separation, and determination of trace amounts of As(III) in an aqueous solution by solid phase extraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Activated carbon (AC) was modified by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) and then used as a new, stable and easily prepared solid sorbent in a mini column for the extraction of As(III) in aqueous solution. Factors influencing the sorption and desorption of As(III), such as volume and concentration of eluent, sample pH, flow rate and effect of interfering ions on the recovery of As(III) have been systemically investigated. At pH 2.0 As(III) could be adsorbed quantitatively by NaDDTC‐AC, and then eluted completely with 2 mL of 3.0 mol·L^?1 HNO₃. The amount of eluted As(III) was measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of As(III) was 0.04 ng·mL^?1 with enrichment factor of 100 and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=8) was 1.58% at 10 ng·mL^?1 level.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定辐照鱼油中2-烷基环丁酮

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定辐照鱼油中2-烷基环丁酮(2-十二烷基环丁酮和2-十四烷基环丁酮)含量的方法。0.300g辐照鱼油样品用正己烷溶解,ProElut Silica固相萃取柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。2种2-烷基环丁酮的质量浓度均在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为10μg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.2%~96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.7%~5.9%之间。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定水体中4种硝基呋喃类药物

采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定水体中呋喃西林、呋喃它酮、呋喃妥因、呋喃唑酮等4种硝基呋喃类药物的含量。样品经HLB固相萃取柱净化后,用氨水-甲醇(5+95)溶液洗脱。以BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈和含有0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的2mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液以体积比23比77组成的混合液为流动相,在检测波长360nm处进行测定。4种硝基呋喃类药物的质量浓度均在5.0~200μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.02μg·L-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在84.5%~97.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~4.5%之间。     

Solid Phase Extraction of Thallium(III) on Micro Crystalline Naphthalene Modified with N,N’-Bis(3-methylsalicylidene)- ortho-phenylenediamine and Determination by Spectrophotometry

A novel, simple, sensitive and effective method has been developed for preconcentration of thallium on N,N’-bis(3-methylsalicylidene)-ortho-phenylenediamine (MSOPD) adsorbent in a pH range 5.0—10.0, prior to its spectrophotometric determination, based on the oxidation of bromopyrogallol red at λ＝520 nm. This method makes it possible to quantitize thallium in a range of 3.6×10－9 to 2.0×10－5 mol/L, with a detection limit (S/N＝3) of 1.42×10－9 mol/L. This procedure has been successfully applied to determine the ultra trace levels of thallium in the environmental samples, free from the interference of some diverse ions. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation of three measurements, is better than 2.9%.     

模板分子印迹聚合物磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中四环素类抗生素

以介孔硅磁性氧化石墨烯为载体,四环素、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素共同作为模板,N-［3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基］乙二胺(KH-792)和苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-42)为功能单体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了四环素类抗生素多模板分子印迹聚合物。以扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对聚合物进行表征。将所制备的多模板分子印迹聚合物作为吸附剂应用于磁性固相萃取,结合高效液相色谱法,建立了水样中四环素、土霉素、金霉素及强力霉素测定的新方法。该方法对4种四环素类抗生素的线性范围为5~50 μg/L,检出限为0.67~0.95 μg/L,定量下限为2.13~3.50 μg/L。实际样品的加标回收率为82.7%~103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~8.8%。方法可用于实际环境水样中4种四环素类抗生素的同时检测。     

固相萃取-亲水相互作用液相色谱法同时测定环境水样中3种酰胺类化合物

基于亲水相互作用液相色谱(Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography,HILIC)技术,建立了同时测定环境水样中丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的液相色谱分析方法.水样采用石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱净化,上样1.0 mL,并最终用1.0 mL乙腈洗脱,洗脱液进样色谱分析.选择Waters HILIC色谱柱,以乙腈/水作为流动相,等度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器200 nm条件下检测.在优化的分析条件下,3种酰胺类化合物在11 min内实现基线分离.所有目标化合物浓度在0.05～ 100 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.9999;检出限达0.01 mg/L.加标回收率为84.1％～106％;相对标准偏差1.8％～10.4％.本方法具有简便快捷、灵敏准确等特点,能够满足环境水样中痕量酰胺类污染物检测的要求.     

Solid Phase Extraction and Determination of Lead in Water Samples Using Silica Gel Homogeneously Modified by Thiosalicylic Acid

Abstract

Silica gel was modified by thiosalicylic acid via homogeneous routes to obtain immobilized silica gel sorbent (TSA‐immobilized silica gel). This new sorbent was characterized using variety of physical chemistry techniques including, high resolution solid state ¹³C and ²⁹Si CP/MAS NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), elemental analysis, and BET surface analysis as well as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). New support was used for the selective extraction and concentration of lead ions by silica gel modified with thiosalicylic acid, as a highly selective and stable reagent, from aquatic samples and its determination with FAAS. Lead ions can be desorbed with 4 mol dm^?3 HNO₃. The sorption capacity for lead ions are found in the range of 64.40 to 69.90 µmol g^?1 of chelating matrix. Tolerance limits for electrolytes and some trace metals in the sorption of lead is reported. Preconcentration factor was found as 150 for Pb(II). The lead in drinking water, mineral water, tap water, and fruit juice was quantitatively recovered with a relative standard deviation lower than 1.50%. A detection limit of the method for lead ions was found as 3.7 µg l^?1.