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1.
介孔固体及介孔复合体   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
蔡伟平  张立德 《物理》1997,26(4):213-216
介绍了介孔固体和介孔复合体的基本概念及基制备方法,结构,性能特点,应用情况,简要综述了这一新学科的研究状况,并展望了它的发展前景。  相似文献   

2.
介孔二氧化硅颗粒的双重孔隙分布特征对材料的导热性能具有显著影响。本文通过微观形态表征分析了介孔二氧化硅的复合孔道,并基于受限空间内的气体分子动力学理论,构建了双重孔隙结构的热导率关联模型。为了验证理论模型的合理性与准确性,采用瞬态热带法测量了介孔二氧化硅材料(MCM-41和SBA-15)在0~30 MPa和20~550℃的环境压力及温度变化下的有效热导率。实验测量结果表明,本文理论模型可以有效预测介孔二氧化硅颗粒热导率的变化规律。进一步根据模型分析可知,材料热导率随着环境温度及压力的升高而增长,表现出明显的正相关性,同时其微观结构的差异也是热导率变化的决定性因素。  相似文献   

3.
用紫外分光光度法,找出介孔碳材料对蛋白质的最佳吸附条件,并测定出该介孔碳材料对溶菌酶的最大吸附量.主要从3方面研究介孔碳材料对蛋白质吸附行为的影响.分别是介孔碳材料对蛋白质吸附行为随接触时间的变化产生的影响,pH值的改变对介孔碳材料吸附蛋白质行为的影响,以及介孔碳材料的量的改变对蛋白质吸附行为随接触时间的变化产生的影响.结果表明,当溶菌酶溶液的初始浓度为210μmol/L,pH值为11.0,接触时间为96h时介孔碳材料对蛋白质即可达到吸附饱和.该介孔碳材料在最佳条件下对溶菌酶的最大吸附量为27.32μmol/g,表现出优越的溶菌酶吸附性能.  相似文献   

4.
黄丛亮  冯妍卉  张欣欣  李威  杨穆  李静  王戈 《物理学报》2012,61(15):154402-154402
本文首先制备并表征了介孔二氧化硅SBA-15、 填充导电聚合物的复合材料PANI/SBA-15和复合材料PPy/SBA-15, 并建立双流计实验台开展了材料压片情况下的热导率研究. 在测量得到复合材料热导率的基础上, 引入当量孔径, 结合测量孔径对 PANI/SBA-15和PPy/SBA-15复合材料热导率随填充量的变化进行了定性分析. 分析表明: PANI/SBA-15和PPy/SBA-15复合材料的热导率比基材SBA-15的热导率大得多; 在相同的测量孔径和当量孔径情况下, PANI/SBA-15复合材料的热导率比PPy/SBA-15复合材料的热导率大; 导电聚合物填充到复合材料孔道内和孔道外都有助于热导率的提高, 填充到孔道内比填充到孔道外对热导率提高的贡献更大.  相似文献   

5.
黄丛亮  冯妍卉  张欣欣  王戈  李静 《物理学报》2011,60(11):114401-114401
文章根据二氧化硅介孔材料MCM-41纳米孔结构特点,首先建立和验证了纳米结构单元模型,然后使用平衡分子动力学方法模拟了孔壁热导率;接着耦合孔隙内气体导热,开展了一维传热分析,最终提炼出MCM-41的有效热导率表达式;并对壁厚、孔径和孔隙率对热导率的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,MCM-41具有良好的绝热性能,其有效热导率随孔隙率增大近似呈线性减小,且表现出各向异性;导热性能沿孔道长度方向表现出准一维特性.关键词:有效热导率介孔材料MCM-41平衡分子动力学  相似文献   

6.
以三嵌段共聚物聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷(P123)为模板,硅酸四乙酯(TEOS,C8H20O4Si)为硅源合成了比表面积高达712.5 m2/g,孔体积为2.44 cm3/g的新型介孔氧化硅载体(MCF).通过正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)以及常规表征手段;例如N2吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜、热重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱等系统研究了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性MCF对纳米尺度孔结构的影响.结果表明,合成的MCF具有明显的无序介孔结构,孔与孔之间通过窗口相互连接形成了一个连续的、具有良好热稳定性的多孔通道网络,同时可以直观看到有机胺PEI已被成功引入到MCF通道中.为了更全面地评估材料孔径的变化情况,通过高灵敏度、可探测亚纳米量级的正电子湮没技术研究正电子在PEI负载MCF中的湮没机制,发现存在τ3和τ4个长寿命分量,表明样品中存在微孔和介孔.同时由于PEI分子的引入,导致τ3和τ...  相似文献   

7.
纳米Ni/SiO2介孔复合体的制备与超顺磁性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ni^2+的SiO2干凝胶,再通过化学还原得到了纳米Ni/SiO2介孔复合体。从样品的透射电子显微镜观测结果可估算出,介孔复合体中Ni粒子的尺寸约为11-12nm。样品的磁性测量结果表明,与通常的Ni纳米颗粒相比,纳米Ni/SiO2介孔复合体中纳米Ni粒子的粒径在大于理论计算的纳米Ni粒子的临界尺寸时,仍能够保持超顺磁状态。在一定温度范围内,提高还原温度有利于复合体中纳米Ni粒子向超顺磁状态转变。  相似文献   

8.
研究了一种新型的负载Er3 的二氧化硅介孔分子筛纳米材料,分析了其在有无功能化试剂全氟甲基磺酰(bis(perfluoromethylsulfonyl)amine)修饰作用下的吸收和荧光光谱特性,获得了高强度的荧光发射.应用Judd-OfelI理论计算了强度参数(Ω2=1.88×10-20,Ω4=5.45×10-20 cm2,Ω6=3.11×1O-20cm2)、跃迁振子强度、自发跃迁概率、能级辐射寿命等重要的光谱参数,讨论了吸收和发射跃迁截面(Ωem=10.9×10-21 cm2),研究了在介孔分子筛纳米材料中的Er3 在不同的抽运功率条件下的荧光强度变化情况.比较了Er3 在不同基质材料中的带宽特性.研究表明二氧化硅介孔分子筛有利于实现高效率的激光输出或具有较宽带宽的高增益光放大,能够成为掺铒激光器或光放大器的新型基质材料.  相似文献   

9.
袁思伟  冯妍卉  王鑫  张欣欣 《物理学报》2014,63(1):14402-014402
本文针对α-Al2O3有序介孔材料的导热特性开展分子动力学模拟分析.提出了一种保证电中性的孔道结构构造方法;采用逆非平衡分子动力学方法(muller-plathe法),选取Matsui势为作用势,模拟计算了Al2O3介孔晶体材料在不同环境温度下沿孔道轴向方向的热导率;并借助全面实验分析法,设计了模拟条件,以考察孔径和孔隙率对热导率的影响.模拟结果显示:介孔Al2O3热导率先随温度的升高呈上升趋势,并在200—400 K之间取得极值;而后在400—1400 K范围内,热导率随温度的升高几乎呈线性下降.孔隙率一定时,随孔径增大,介孔Al2O3材料比表面积降低,界面散射的抑制作用减弱,使材料热导率略有上升;孔径一定时,随孔隙率上升,孔道壁面声子数减少,材料热导率下降明显;相对于孔径因素,材料孔隙率对声子导热影响更大.  相似文献   

10.
纳米介孔ZrO2及其表面修饰的发光性质   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
水热合成法制备的高度有序多孔ZrO2具有规则六角排列、均匀纳米孔洞(约1.8nm),并且其蓝、(近)紫外光发射强度比纳米微晶材料高2个数量级。本文研究了纳米介孔ZrO2这种不同于常规体材料与纳米晶材料的特殊发光性质。通过化学方法对纳米介孔ZrO2进行表面修饰后,能进一步提高其光发射聋度约3倍。通过这些发光性质的研究,以期增进对ZrO2发光机理的认识。  相似文献   

11.
    
Materials of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in pure and hybridized forms showing photonic properties have received much attention during past years. Strategies to prepare photonic MOF-based materials are constantly used as follows: 1) designing of pure MOFs with intrinsic luminescent units such as organic linkers and/or lanthanide ions; 2) designing of hybrid MOF composites through encapsulation of extrinsic luminescent units such as organic dyes and/or inorganic nanospecies; and 3) designing of MOF-based composites through mixing both intrinsic and extrinsic luminescent units to display synergistic effect. A highly ordered structure with the richness of space groups enable well-designed MOFs to display second-harmonic generation. In addition, easy formation of well-faceted morphology, to serve as optical microresonators in MOF crystals, is beneficial for the exploration of the miniaturization of lasers. Moreover, with the assistance of stepwise coating, devices fabricated by using MOF-based materials in lighting have been realized. Furthermore, biocompatible nanoscale MOF composites coated by polymers and encapsulated with photo-absorbing agents in cancer treatment are also discussed. This review provides a summary and discussion of the very recent progress of photonic MOFs in applications of white solid-state lighting, lasing, nonlinear optics, and phototherapy in cancer treatment.  相似文献   

12.
    
Cancer is a serious threat to human life. However, the effect of single treatment method is limited at present. Here, a Cu2SnTe3 (CST) nano-reagent which can provide a strong synergetic effect in tumor therapy is successfully constructed. CST nanoparticles can not only convert endogenous H2O2 into ∙OH through surface-catalyzed reactions, but also generate 1O2 based on light irradiation-induced electron pair separation, leading to excessive oxidative stress accumulation in tumor cells. Interestingly, CST nanoparticles are also found to possess catalase-like activity, which enhances the level of O2 within hypoxic tumors, further improving the production efficiency of 1O2 by photodynamic therapy (PDT). In addition, the CST nanoparticles exhibit good photothermal conversion, which facilitates to promote more OH production by chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The results of in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor experiments both demonstrate that CST nanoparticles can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor with minimal side effects. To sum up, CST nanoparticles have great potential in tumor treatment for efficient synergetic CDT/PDT/photothermal therapy.  相似文献   

13.
Lifetimes of TPPS4 (meso-tetraphenylporphine tetrasulfonate) triplet states were measured for liquid solutions of different acidity and viscosity and as a function of acceptor concentration for different acceptors (bovine serum albumin, tryptophan and furfuryl alcohol). Triplet lifetimes were estimated by monitoring the decay of TPPS4 delayed fluorescence of E-type. The lifetime of delayed fluorencence depends on the concentration of O2, since the latter is an effective quencher of the triplet state. The lifetime is shown to be influenced mainly by degree of aggregation state of TPPS4 and, therefore, by the pH of the solution, decreasing with pH and for each pH remaining constant over a wide range of acceptor concentrations. The monomeric species is found to have the longest triplet lifetime in aqueous phosphate-buffered saline solution at neutral pH, especially when bound to albumin, despite of the low viscosity and protonated nature of the medium.  相似文献   

14.
碳点作为一种新型碳纳米材料,具有优异的光学特性、良好的生物相容性以及催化活性,在生物医学、能源、环境等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。红光/近红外光响应碳点具有组织穿透深度大、生物体自发光干扰较小、对组织损伤小等优点,在生物医学研究领域倍受关注。本文首先介绍了影响碳点吸收/发光的因素,随后评述了近几年红光/近红外光响应碳点在肿瘤治疗中的新进展,主要包括光动力治疗、光热治疗、光动力/光热协同治疗等。同时,针对肿瘤微环境的特点,介绍了微环境响应型碳点及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展。最后,对碳点在肿瘤治疗领域存在的挑战进行了展望。  相似文献   

15.
    
Combination of different therapeutic strategies to treat cancer has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Herein, the authors develop polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification as a multifunctional nanocarrier for coloading photosensitizer chlorine6 (Ce6) and curcumin (Cur) for combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy (RT) of cancer. PEGylated PDA nanoparticles (PDA‐PEG) exhibit well water soluble and biocompatible in different physiological solutions and cause no obvious toxicity to cancer cells. In this nanoparticle, the loaded Ce6 can trigger the generation of single oxygen under near‐infrared laser irradiation for PDT, while the loaded Cur can act as an excellent radiosensitizer under X‐ray irradiation for enhanced external RT. As demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficiency, combined PDT and RT based on PDA‐PEG/Cur/Ce6 nanoparticles exhibits significant inhibition the growth of cancer cells, revealing perfect performance in cancer treatment. Therefore, the study not only presents a polymer‐based theranostic platform for cancer treatment but also demonstrates the potential applications of combined RT and PDT for the future clinic cancer therapy.  相似文献   

16.
讨论了发光二极管(Light-emitting-diode,LED)在航天医学中作为激光器的替代光源用于光动力学疗法(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)的可行性。分析了发光二极管用于光动力学疗法的优势,介绍了LED用于不同类型光敏剂进行PDT治疗的实验研究,概括了LED-PDT治疗系统在国内外的研制现状。说明了LED替代激光器作为PDT的激发光源是可行的。LED作为我国航天医学领域中的一种重要光源,为维护航天员的健康将会发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

17.
    
In this work, a specific tumor‐targeted small molecular fluorophore for synchronous long‐duration cancer imaging, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy is synthesized. This novel fluorophore exhibits specific targeting ability in certain tumors (U87MG, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, etc.) based on its inherent structure and efficiently generates local hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species simultaneously for imaging‐guided precise cancer therapy combining the photothermic and photodynamic effects under laser irradiation. Meanwhile, compared to traditional near infrared fluorophore, this novel fluorophore with significantly enhanced stability against photobleaching can prolong the time of tumor imaging and improve the phototherapy efficiency. This work presents a potential strategy to develop small‐molecule‐based cancer theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer targeting, imaging, and therapy.  相似文献   

18.
The research in the field of the photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) is focused on a development of photosensitizers exhibiting high quantum yield of singlet oxygen production. Direct time-resolved spectroscopic observation of singlet oxygen phosphorescence can provide time constants of its population and depopulation as well as photosensitizer phosphorescence lifetime and relative quantum yields. In our contribution, a study of time and spectral resolved phosphorescence of singlet oxygen photosensitized by meso-tetraphenylporphine in acetone together with the photosensitizer phosphorescence is presented. Time constants of singlet oxygen population and depopulation were determined at wide range of photosensitizer concentrations. The time constant of singlet oxygen generation (0.28 ± 0.01) s is slightly shorter then the lifetime of photosensitizer's triplet state (0.32 ± 0.01) s. It is caused by lower ability of TPP aggregates to transfer excitation energy to oxygen. The lifetime of singlet oxygen (50 s) decreases with increasing photosensitizer concentration. Therefore, the photosensitizer acts also as a quencher of oxygen singlet state, similarly to the effects observed in [A. A. Krasnovsky, P. Cheng, R. E. Blankenship, T. A. Moore, and D. Gust (1993). Photochem. Photobiol. 57, 324–330; H. Küpper, R. Ddic, A. Svoboda, J. Hála, and P. M. H. Kroneck (2002). Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1572, 107–113]. Moreover, the increasing concentraion of the photosensitizer causes a slight hypsochromic shift of the singlet oxygen luminescence maximum.  相似文献   

19.
    
Currently, the studies about photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human cancers have made considerable progress and attracted tremendous attention. The existing photosensitizers used for PDT are mainly organic compounds. In order to enhance their photosensitizing efficacy, some studies reported hybrid photosensitizers consisting of inorganic quantum dots (QDs) and organic photosensitizers. Herein, a new type of photosensitizer consisting of sole semiconductor CdTe QDs with good photosensitizing efficacy, excellent water dispersibility, and stability is reported. The photosensitizer is prepared through a facile one‐step strategy using sodium hyaluronate as a stabilizing and targeting agent. Different from most of the previous reports, the as‐prepared QDs do not show inhibition effects on normal cells in the experimental concentration range, but can also be directly utilized as a photosensitizer to specifically and remarkably inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cells. Mechanism studies reveal that the QDs could be specifically internalized by hepatoma cells, considerably induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxidative species under light illumination, and significantly induce the necrosis of hepatoma cells. This work provides an inspiration for the direct application of QDs as a new type of photosensitizer to specifically and significantly treat human hepatoma through PDT.  相似文献   

20.
Using zinc octa(diethoxyphosphenylmethyl)phthalocyanine as an example, we determined experimentally the quantum yield of generation of singlet oxygen () which makes it possible to evaluate quantitatively the efficiency of photogeneration of 1O2 and the influence of biomolecules on this parameter. It is shown that the efficiency of generation of singlet oxygen by the sensitizers used in photodynamic therapy depends on their state in a solution and increases with disaggregation of the dye and its interaction with biomolecules. It is established that phthalocyanine in an aqueous buffer solution sensitizes the formation of 1O2 with the quantum yield = 0.16 ± 0.02. On introduction of the detergent Triton X100 into the buffer solution of phthalocyanine, increases up to 0.48 ± 0.07. In a microheterogeneous medium (buffer + albumin) = 0.42.  相似文献   

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