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冲击膨胀环实验技术
引用本文:梁民族, 卢芳云, 李翔宇, 林玉亮, 陈荣. 冲击膨胀环实验技术[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(3): 031402. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0332
作者姓名:梁民族  卢芳云  李翔宇  林玉亮  陈荣
作者单位:国防科技大学文理学院,湖南 长沙 410073
摘    要:膨胀环技术是一种研究高应变率加载下材料力学性能及动态拉伸破碎特性的实验方法,具有试样的应力状态近似一维、无边界条件等优点,在处理应力波相互作用关系复杂的动态破碎问题方面优势明显。为了方便膨胀环技术在实验室内使用,设计了一种基于轻气炮的冲击膨胀环实验装置,实现了材料的一维高应变率拉伸加载。冲击膨胀环装置采用轻气炮加速低密度高聚物弹丸,高速撞击驱动器内低密度高聚填充物,低密度高聚物挤压膨胀导致驱动器内部压力瞬时达到GPa级,驱动器向外膨胀实现径向加载,试样圆环在驱动器的作用下瞬间获得较高初始速度。实验中利用激光位移干涉仪测量试样的径向速度历史,经过数据处理可以获得材料的应力、应变和应变率的关系,收集试样圆环破片可以获得材料的动态拉伸破碎特性。基于轻气炮的冲击膨胀环实验技术方便、有效,已成功应用于1100-O铝材料的动态性能和破碎特性测试。

关 键 词:膨胀环   高应变率   横向效应加载   动态拉伸断裂
收稿时间:2020-09-21
修稿时间:2020-11-09

An impact expanding ring experimental technology
LIANG Minzu, LU Fangyun, LI Xiangyu, LIN Yuliang, CHEN Rong. An impact expanding ring experimental technology[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2021, 41(3): 031402. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0332
Authors:LIANG Minzu  LU Fangyun  LI Xiangyu  LIN Yuliang  CHEN Rong
Affiliation:College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China
Abstract:The expanding ring technology is an experimental method to study the mechanical properties and dynamic tensile fracture characteristics of materials under high strain rate loading. It has the advantages of approximate one-dimensional stress state and no boundary conditions, which shows obvious advantages in dealing with the dynamic fracture problems with complex interaction of stress waves. In order to adapt the expanding ring technology to be used in the laboratory, a kind of impact expanding ring experimental device based on a light gas gun was designed, which realizes the one-dimensional high strain rate tensile loading of materials. The impact expanding ring device uses the light gas gun to accelerate the low-density polymer projectile, and impacts the low-density high-polymer filler in the actuator at high velocity. The extrusion expansion of the low-density polymer causes the internal pressure of the actuator to reach GPa level instantaneously. The actuator expands outward to realize radial loading, and the specimen ring obtains a higher initial velocity instantly under the action of the driver. In the experiment, the radial velocity history of the specimen is measured by a laser displacement interferometer. The relationships among stress, strain and strain rate can be obtained by data processing. The dynamic tensile fracture characteristics of materials can be obtained by collecting the ring fragments of the specimens. The impact expanding ring experimental technology based on the light gas gun is convenient and effective, and has been successfully applied to the dynamic and crushing properties test of the 1100-O aluminum material.
Keywords:expanding ring  high strain rate  lateral effect loading  dynamic tensile fracture
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