Metabolism of methylstenbolone studied with human liver microsomes and the uPA+/+‐SCID chimeric mouse model |
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| Authors: | Lore Geldof Leen Lootens Michael Polet Daniel Eichner Thane Campbell Vinod Nair Francesco Botrè Philip Meuleman Geert Leroux‐Roels Koen Deventer Peter Van Eenoo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Doping Control Laboratory, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium;2. Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;3. Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy;4. Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, Ghent, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Anti‐doping laboratories need to be aware of evolutions on the steroid market and elucidate steroid metabolism to identify markers of misuse. Owing to ethical considerations, in vivo and in vitro models are preferred to human excretion for nonpharmaceutical grade substances. In this study the chimeric mouse model and human liver microsomes (HLM) were used to elucidate the phase I metabolism of a new steroid product containing, according to the label, methylstenbolone. Analysis revealed the presence of both methylstenbolone and methasterone, a structurally closely related steroid. Via HPLC fraction collection, methylstenbolone was isolated and studied with both models. Using HLM, 10 mono‐hydroxylated derivatives (U1–U10) and a still unidentified derivative of methylstenbolone (U13) were detected. In chimeric mouse urine only di‐hydroxylated metabolites (U11–U12) were identified. Although closely related, neither methasterone nor its metabolites were detected after administration of isolated methylstenbolone. Administration of the steroid product resulted mainly in the detection of methasterone metabolites, which were similar to those already described in the literature. Methylstenbolone metabolites previously described were not detected. A GC‐MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring method was developed to detect methylstenbolone misuse. In one out of three samples, previously tested positive for methasterone, methylstenbolone and U13 were additionally detected, indicating the applicability of the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | steroids phase I metabolism in vitro and in vivo studies GC‐MS LC‐MS |
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