硬骨鱼类卵子发生研究及其应用前景

硬骨鱼类的发育有卵生和卵胎生两种形式，其卵子发生的过程相似，目前人为地将卵原细胞到卵母细胞分为6个连续时相。卵原细胞期的卵巢体积小，卵原细胞均一，单层滤期卵巢体积增大，初级卵母细胞为主，卵黄和滤泡细胞出现，细胞代谢加强，卵黄泡期卵巢亦增大，卵膜开始形成，卵黄沉积，出现卵黄粒和脂肪滴，卵黄充满期卵巢继续增大，卵母细胞个体急剧增大，卵黄球和皮质泡形成，个别出现油滴，卵膜增厚，成熟期卵巢和卵子达到最大，各种不同鱼类的卵膜形态不一，衰退期卵巢退回到单层滤泡期，多次产卵类型退回到卵黄充满期，继续保持产卵能力。卵子发生的过程受MIH，GtH等多种激素的调控。对硬骨鱼类卵子发生的研究，将为人工增养殖技术的改进提供理论依据。

Recent progresses of study on oogenesis of teleost

Oviparity and ovoviviparity are two kinds of reproduction types in teleost, but the oogenesis processes are similar between different groups of teleost. During the oogone period,the volume of the oophoron is still small,the oogone in the oophoron diffuse evenly; the cells of first stage oocyte are the main cells in the mono layer follicle period, and the oophoron become bigger,at the same time,yolk granules and follicles emerge sequencely; when process comes into Dyolk vacuole period, the volume amplify continues, and oocytus forms first time during this period, with yolk granules settling into yolk sphere, and there are some fat granules; when process develops into the full yolk period, oophoron and oocytes still enlarge and some new plasmats appear, such as yolk sphere, cortical vesicle and oil droplet sometimes, simutaneously, the ootypus heaves also; during the mature oocyte period, oophoron and oocyte get to the peak, and the ootypus exhibits various structures; after that, the oophoron draw back to the second period except the continuesly spawning fish which would draw back to the forth period and keep the spawning state. Hormones such as MIH and GtH control the process of ovogenesis. Studies on ova development of teleost will give a theoretical basis for improving artificial aquaculture skills.