1980—2018年镇赉县湿地景观格局变化与人为干扰的关系

以吉林省最大湿地保留区镇赉县为研究区，基于1980—2018年8期土地利用数据，采用网格分析法研究湿地景观格局变化规律及景观指数与人为干扰度的关系。结果表明：（1）镇赉县湿地面积减少290.7 km2，水体、滩地、沼泽变化率分别为-0.45，-2.97和-4.84 km²·a^-1。（2）镇赉县湿地率（PLAND）下降6.1%，且从西北部向东南部逐渐递增；斑块数量（NP）与斑块平均面积（AREA_MN）均呈先上升后下降的趋势，东南部湿地景观破碎化加剧，中部破碎化减缓；湿地连通度的空间分布格局为西北向东南递增，斑块结合度指数（COHESION）在中部地区显著增加，在东南部地区缓慢降低。（3）镇赉县湿地人为干扰度逐渐增强、耕地面积的增加和交通网的扩张是镇赉县湿地面积萎缩、景观破碎化加剧和连通度降低的主要人为原因。人为干扰度与NP呈显著正相关，与PLAND、AREA_MN、COHESION均呈负相关。稳定西南部和东北部耕地中湿地斑块，进一步加强中部湿地水体连通性，排查东南部湿地核心区违规建筑，实施分区治理，加强对镇赉县现有湿地的保护，以期实现区域可持续发展。

The change of marsh landscape pattern in Zhenlai county during 1980 to 2018 and the effects due to human disturbance

Taking the Zhenlai county which has the largest wetland area in Jilin province as the research sample, based on its land use data of 8 time periods in 1980-2018, this paper applied the grid analysis method to explore the rules of spatial-temporal differentiation of the landscape index and investigate the induction factors for this change due to human disturbance. The results showed that: (1) The wetland area of Zhenlai county decreased by 290.7 km² during 1980 to 2018, and the change rate of water, beaches and marshes was respectively -0.45, -2.97 and -4.84 km²·a^-1. (2) The rate of wetland patches (PLAND) in Zhenlai county decreased by 6.1%, it gradually increased from northwest to southeast during 1980 to 2018. The number of patches (NP) and the average patch area (AREA_MN) both showed a trend that first increased and then decreased. The fragmentation of the wetland landscape in southeast region was intensified while slow down in the central region . The connectivity of wetland increased from northwest to southeast gradually; the cohesion of wetland patches increased significantly in the middle and decreased slowly in the southeast. (3) The degree of human disturbance in Zhenlai county was gradually increasing during 1980 to 2018. The increase of cultivated land area and the expansion of traffic network were the main human reasons for the shrinking of wetland area, aggravating landscape fragmentation and the decrease of connectivity. There was a significant positive correlation between human disturbance and NP, and a negative correlation with PLAND, AREA_MN, and COHESION. In order to realize sustainable development of the region, people should stabilize wetland patches in cultivated land both in the southwest and the southeast regions, strengthen the water connectivity of the center wetland, investigate illegal buildings in the core region of southeast wetland, and carry out the specific management policy in the corresponding county region.