我国医院空间布局特点及其影响因素分析

医院作为应对“非典”“新型冠状病毒疫情”等类似城市突发公共卫生事件的主要阵地，其空间分布格局直接影响突发卫生事件的防控速度。为分析医院的空间地理分布特征，借助GIS、SPSS等分析工具，从宏观格局、省域布局等视角对2001—2016年我国医院（不含港、澳、台）空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）医院建设形成了以中西部地带、东部沿海地带为首的带状增长结构，并呈东高中低西高的整体增长趋势，远西地带和东北地区增速缓慢；呈明显的向行政中心省会城市集聚的特征。（2）中西部地带的医院具有多而不精、大而不强的特点；医院点密度重心随医院等级的提高逐渐向东部地区移动，东西部地区城市的优质医院数量差距较大；三甲医院的空间结构呈单核心状，扎堆现象明显。（3）具有单中心集聚、高区位熵轴线集聚、中区位熵带状集聚、低区位熵成片集聚4种集聚特征。（4）城市户籍人口、建成区面积、固定资产投资以及社会消费品零售总额对医疗资源分布有影响。

A Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of hospital spatial distribution in China

As the main utilities for responding to public health emergencies such as "SARS" and "COVID-19", the spatial distribution of hospitals directly affects the speed of prevention and control of such emergencies. This research aims to analyze the spatial geographic distribution characteristics of Chinese hospitals. Using GIS, SPSS and other analytical tools, the characteristics of spatial distribution of hospitals and their influencing factors are analyzed from the perspective of macroscopic pattern and provincial layout. The results show that: (1) From 2001 to 2016, China's hospital construction forms two belt type growth structures led respectively by the central and western regions and the eastern coastal regions, which showed an overall growth trend with "high in the East, low in the middle and high in the West, and slow growth in the Far West and northeast regions; The provincial capital cities show obvious growth characteristics of "Regionalization". (2) The distribution of China's high-quality hospitals show a strong spatial structure in the East, and weak in the West, and the hospitals in the central and western regions show the characteristics of numerous but not refined, large but not strong; The core density of hospitals gradually moves to the east of China together with the increase of hospital level,the top three hospitals also form a single core structure, and the cluster phenomenon is clear. (3) The distribution of Chinese hospitals exhibit four agglomeration characteristics: single center agglomeration, axis agglomeration of high location quotient value, band agglomeration of middle location quotient value and cluster agglomeration of low location quotient value. (4) Through the analysis, it is found that the registered population at each year, built-up area, fixed asset investment and the total retail sales of social consumer goods in the city have a positive impact on the distribution of medical resources.