民族旅游社区妇女的时间利用方式——以四川省桃坪羌寨为例

西部民族社区在旅游开发中由传统封闭的生活空间迅速转变为开放的旅游接待场所.在该转变过程中，当地妇女的时间利用方式受到旅游开发的深远影响，而现有旅游研究并未给予过多关注.以四川桃坪羌寨为例，利用时间日志和半结构访谈法获取当地妇女的时间利用数据，在与未参与旅游妇女的对比中，研究参与旅游妇女的时间利用行为.结果表明，参与旅游妇女劳动时间的增长挤压了其生活和休闲时间；旅游开发使得参与旅游妇女扮演“双重角色”，进而承担“双重劳动”；社区旅游为参与旅游妇女协调家庭传统角色和新角色提供了有效途径.

Time use patterns of women impacted by tourism in ethnic community: A case of Taoping Qiang Village

In the context of the tourism industry, the time use behaviors of ethnic women have been most profoundly impacted by tourism development within Chinese ethnic communities during their rapid transformation from being traditionally closed living places to open spaces of tourism. Therefore, community tourism is one of the important factors that can change the time use model of local residents, especially the women. Nevertheless, this issue has received scant attention in the tourism literature. Taking Taoping Qiang village in Sichuan Province as our study area, the current study complys time use diaries and conducts semi structured interviews to obtain data from local ethnic women engaged in tourism, and compares the structure and distribution of their time use behaviors with those of nonparticipating women. In the context of tourism development in rural China, an examination of the time use differences among rural groups defined by whether or not they participate in the tourism industry, is a useful approach for assessing the effects of tourism development on local communities. Given the importance and specificity of the tourism labor of local ethnic women, this study classifys tourism labor based on participant observation, semi structured interviews and data obtained from time use diaries. The results indicate that the engaged women spend more time on labor activities than the unengaged women, and the compressed time that they otherwise have spent on the maintenance and leisure activities for getting involved in tourism. And the “dual roles” resulting from participation in tourism have changed the time use structural patterns of women for their engagement in “dual labor”. Considering that home based production labor is currently the best solution for addressing the contradiction between traditional private sphere and the public realm, community tourism provides ethnic women the precious choice to balance the traditional roles and the new one.