无需光速不变假设的狭义相对论新推导

传统相对论依据光速不变原理可以推导出时空的洛伦兹变换公式,而在相对性原理的基础上,利用洛伦兹变换公式和守恒定律又可建立起爱因斯坦的质能关系式.不同于首先从运动学出发来完全确定洛伦兹变换的传统方法,依据相对性原理以及动量和能量守恒,通过讨论粒子的两体衰变过程,论证了相对论能量正比于动质量实际上并不依赖于洛伦兹变换或具体的时空变换特性.从而无须引进光速不变假设和不依赖静质量为0的粒子,给出了一种更为普遍的狭义相对论的新推导.新的相对论公式已不再需要依赖光速,取而代之的是与所有粒子相关的普适极限速度v_m.

New derivation of special relativity without assumption of constant speed of light

Traditionally, special relativity is formulated through a derivation of the space-time Lorentz transformation based on the assumption that the speed of light is invariant. Einstein's famous mass-energy relation can be deduced from the Lorentz transformation, combined with the principle of relativity as well as the relevant conservation laws. This work abandons the unnecessary assumption of a constant speed of light, and proves that the proportionality between the relativistic energy and the moving mass does not rely on Lorentz transformation or any other specific form of space-time transformation. We demonstrate with two-body particle decay following directly from the principle of relativity and the conservation of energy and momentum. Therefore, we present a novel and more general formulation of special relativity without assuming a constant speed of light and the existence of massless particles. In this new formulation, a universal speed limit v_m naturally emerges with no specific regard to the propagation of light.