克孜尔石窟壁画颜料研究

采用扫描电子显微镜X-射线能谱（SEM-EDS）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectra）和傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）对收集自克孜尔石窟第69窟的14个壁画颜料样品进行检测与分析鉴定。结果显示：蓝色颜料为青金石；绿色颜料主要为氯铜矿，在表面泛黄的绿色样品中检出了藤黄；红色颜料为赤铁矿；在白色颜料样品中检出了磷氯铅矿-砷铅矿和石膏；在灰色颜料样品中检出了石膏与炭黑。表明初唐时期藤黄已被用作绘画颜料；在矿物颜料上罩染有机染料，体现了古人对矿物颜料和有机染料的高超使用技巧。研究有助于了解壁画的用材、绘制方式等信息，为壁画的研究、保护和修复提供参照和依据，同时也佐证了古丝绸之路沿线贸易、经济、文化的繁荣和昌盛。

A study on the painting pigments from the cave of Kizil Grottoes

Scanning electron microscopy with element energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to analyze and identify the 14 painting pigment samples collected from the 69th cave of Kizil Grottoes. The results show that all the blue pigments are lapis lazuli, the green ones are atacamite, the yellowish coating over the green is gamboge, the red ones are red ochre and gypsum, the white samples are Pyromorphite-Mimetesite and gypsum, the grey samples are carbon black mixed with gypsum. The discovery of gamboge shows that it was widely used in the paintings of Kizil Grottoes in the early Tang Dynasty. The green atacamite layer covered with the yellowish gamboge shows that ancient painters are skillful in using mineral pigments and organic dyes. The results help to understand the materials and techniques of wall paintings, provide reference and scientific basis for cultural relics conservation and art research, so as to provide some evidence for the prosperity of trade, economic and cultural along the ancient Silk Road.