陕甘宁革命老区生态系统服务价值时空分异及影响因素研究

陕甘宁革命老区是黄土高原和黄河中上游的重点生态治理区，作为重要的生态屏障区，其生态治理意义重大。以陕甘宁革命老区为研究区域，基于改进的生态系统服务价值（ecosystem service value，ESV）当量因子法，利用地理探测器及地理加权回归（geographically weighted regression，GWR）模型，分析1995—2018年各县ESV时空变化特征、影响因素及各主导因素作用强度的空间分异特征。结果表明：（1）1995—2018年，陕甘宁革命老区ESV呈先下降后上升的特征，整体呈上升趋势，草地与林地对该区域ESV的贡献较大；（2）ESV空间等级转化呈现较显著的两极变化趋势，其中低级、高级ESV区域面积显著扩张，较高级ESV区域面积明显缩减；（3）地被覆盖度、人口密度、垦殖系数是ESV空间分异的主导因素，平均空间解释力超过0.378 0，自然、社会、经济因素间的交互协同增强了其对陕甘宁革命老区ESV的影响程度；（4）各主导因素对ESV的影响程度表现出空间异质性，其中地被覆盖度及垦殖系数的影响程度由东向西递减，人均GDP和人口密度的影响程度则由西向东递减。

Research on the spatial and temporal variations and influencing factors of ecosystem service value in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region

The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region is a key ecological management area in the Loess Plateau and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. As an important ecological barrier area, its ecological governance is of great significance. Based on the improved equivalent factor method, geographic detectors and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, this research choose Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region as the research area and analyzed the ESV changes, influencing factors and dominant factors of ESV of each county from 1995 to 2018. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1995 to 2018, the ecosystem service value (ESV) of this region showed a characteristics of first decreasing and then rising, but the overall trend is increasing. Among them, the forest land and grassland contributed more to the ESV of the region; (2) The spatial feature of ESV level conversion presents obvious two extremes, low-level and high-level ESV regions are significantly expanding and the area of sub-high regions is significantly reduced; (3) The main factors leading to the spatial differentiation of ESV are land cover, population density and reclamation coefficient, and their spatial explanatory power exceed to 0.378 0. The interaction and synergy among natural, social and economic factors has enhanced the effects on ESV in the region; (4) The impact of each dominant factor on ESV shows spatial heterogeneity. Among them, the impact of land cover degree and reclamation coefficient decreases from east to west, while the impact of per capita GDP and population density decreases from west to east.