人类活动影响下的滨海湿地时空演化特征分析—–以盐城、杭州湾南岸及象山港湿地为例

滨海湿地是自然界最具保护价值的生态系统之一, 加强对人类活动干扰下的滨海湿地演化研究是实现滨海湿地综合管理的前提. 基于1990、2000、2008、2017年盐城、杭州湾南岸及象山港湿地的土地利用数据, 对滨海湿地的时空演化特征和环境质量特征进行分析. 结果表明: (1)除1990~2000年象山港自然湿地增加了60.54 km²以外, 27年间3个研究区自然湿地面积持续减少, 人工湿地面积和非湿地面积持续增加; (2)人类活动对滨海湿地的影响强度为杭州湾南岸湿地>象山港湿地>盐城湿地, 相比于1990~2000年与2000~2008年阶段, 3个研究区人类围垦活动的强度在2008~2017年阶段有所下降; (3)湿地环境质量从优到劣依次为盐城湿地、杭州湾南岸湿地、象山港湿地, 3个研究区湿地环境质量的总体水平均呈下降趋势.

Spatio-temporal evolution of coastal wetlands affected by human activities: A case study of Yancheng City,south coast of Hangzhou Bay and Xiangshan Harbor wetlands

Coastal wetland is one of the most valuable ecosystems in nature. The study on the evolution of coastal wetlands under the interference of human activities is the prerequisite for the comprehensive management of coastal wetlands. Based on the land use data of Yancheng City, south coast of Hangzhou Bay and Xiangshan Harbor wetlands collected in 1990, 2000, 2008 and 2017, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and environmental quality characteristics of coastal wetlands are analyzed. The results show that: (1) Except that the natural wetland of Xiangshan Harbor increased by 60.54 km² from 1990 to 2000, the natural wetland area of the three sampled areas continue to decrease over the past 27 years, and the area of constructed wetland and non-wetland increased constantly. (2) The intensity of human activities on coastal wetlands can be listed in the descending order as the south coast of Hangzhou Bay wetland > Xiangshan Harbor wetland > Yancheng wetland. Compared with the data collected covering 1990~2000 and 2000~2008, the intensity of human reclamation activity in three sampled areas declined in 2008~2017. (3) The wetland environmental quality of Yancheng wetland, south coast of Hangzhou Bay wetland and Xiangshan Harbor wetland are gradually deteriorating. The overall level of wetland environmental quality in the three study areas also shows a downward trend.