利用三维虚拟技术突破物质结构教学*——从演示型工具到探索型工具的转变

针对物质结构教学的抽象性,开发了一套基于三维虚拟技术的物质结构教学软件,可对结构模型进行旋转、平移、缩放、切割、镜像、插入或删除原子(团)及启停预先设置的动画等操作,强大的交互功能不仅能对分子或晶体结构如构造异构、立体异构、晶体的堆积方式、晶胞的划分、配位数、晶体结构中的空隙及空间利用率等问题进行效果极佳的可视化教学,另一方面,通过对B₁₂与C₆₀分子空间构型转变的探究揭示数学构型的重要性,通过对六方晶胞占有原子个数的探究修正晶胞模型,通过对金属晶体的4种基本堆积方式成因的探究提出“半密置层”概念来完善紧密堆积规律等案例,展示出三维虚拟技术在微观结构探索发现方面的巨大潜力。

Using 3D Virtual Technology to Break Through the Teaching of Material Structure:Transformation from Demonstrating Tool to Exploratory Tool

Aiming at the abstraction of material structure teaching,a set of material structure teaching software based on 3 D virtual technology has been developed in this paper,which can rotate,translate,zoom,cut,mirror,insert or delete atoms(clusters)as well as start and stop preset animation on the structure model.On the one hand,the powerful interactive function can effectively visualize the teaching on molecular or crystal structures in the field of structural isomerism,stereoisomerism,crystal packing methods,unit cell division,coordination number,voids in crystal structure,and space utilization.On the other hand,the software has demonstrated the great potential of three-dimensional virtual technology in the exploration and discovery of microstructures through many teaching cases,such as the exploration of the transformation of B₁₂ and C₆₀ molecular spatial configuration,the modification of unit cell model by exploring the number of atoms occupied by the hexagonal unit cell,the perfection of the close-packed structure law by proposing the concept of“semi-dense layer”after investigating the four packing forms of metal crystals and so on.