新手熟手初中化学教师课堂教学行为特征的比较研究*——以“酸和碱”单元教学为例

通过对新手化学教师和熟手化学教师各4节“酸和碱”单元常态课堂中教师使用教学行为链、教学行为对在时间和频次等方面的特征进行对比分析发现,在教学行为链上,新、熟手化学教师都会在较高水平的教学行为链上花费更多的时间,熟手化学教师高水平教学行为链在频次上的占比要优于新手化学教师,在不同教学行为链时间安排上的合理性要更高一些;在教学行为对上,新、熟手化学教师都多以“问”和“讲”,学生多以“答”的方式来展开课堂活动,熟手化学教师在每一次“动”和“思”上所用时间要明显高于新手化学教师,学生参与课堂的水平上,熟手化学教师要优于新手化学教师。得出如下启示:与熟手化学教师相比,新手化学教师应有效地组织和安排课堂教学行为,注重对“酸和碱”学科内容本身及其教学的驾驭。无论是熟手还是新手化学教师均应进一步给予学生课堂参与的机会。

Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Novice and Experienced Junior High School Chemistry Teachers' Instruction Behaviors of the "Acid and Alkaline" Unit

Through the comparative analysis of the characteristics of time and frequency of teachers’use of instruction behavior chain(IBC)and instruction behavior pair(IBP)in the normal classroom of“acid and alkali”units of novice teachers and experienced teachers,it is found that as for the IBC,novice and experienced teachers both spent more time on a higher level of IBC.The frequency of high-level IBC of experienced teachers is better than the novice teachers,and the rational time in different IBC is more reasonable.As for the IBP,novice and experienced teachers mostly both use the type of“asking”and“lecturing”,and students often use the way of“answering”to start classroom activities.The time of the experienced teachers using the way of“moving”and“thinking”is obviously higher than that of the novice teacher.As for the level of the students participating in the class,experienced teacher is better than that of the novice teacher.This study highlights novice teachers should organize and arrange their classroom teaching behaviors effectively,pay great attention on the mastery of“acid and base”content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge.Moreover,both experienced and novice teachers should provide opportunities for students to engage in their classrooms.