氢元素概念发展史与化学思想的演进

18世纪,发现氢气的卡文迪什认为该气体是水与燃素的化合物;但发现水的组成的拉瓦锡认为氢气是一种元素物质。到19世纪,原子分子论形成后,氢气被认为是由双原子分子构成的单质。20世纪30年代,氢同位素的发现使人们对氢元素概念有了新认识,并逐渐形成现代氢元素概念。氢元素概念的发展史不仅是元素概念的发展史,也是科学思想的演进史和科学方法的发展史。

Development History of Concept of Hydrogen Element and Evolution of Chemical Thoughts

In the 18 th century,Cavendish discovered hydrogen and thought that it was a compound of water and phlogiston;But Lavoisier who discovered the composition of water thought that hydrogen was an element.By the 19 th century,after the establishment of the atomic molecular theory,hydrogen was thought to be a simple substance consisting of diatomic molecule.In the 1930 s,the discovery of hydrogen isotope made people have a new understanding of the concept of hydrogen element,and gradually formed the modern concept of hydrogen element.The development history of hydrogen concept is not only the development history of element concept,but also the evolution history of scientific thought and the development scientific method.