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Probing in vitro digestion at oil–water interfaces
Institution:1. Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;3. Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;4. School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Abstract:Interfacial layers have been widely applied to study the formation and stability of emulsion-based systems. However, the application of isolated interfaces to address digestibility of emulsions is often limited because of the complexity of experimental methods and results. This review summarizes the latest developments in analytical methods and literature data on effects of digestion on interfacial layers. Particular emphasis is given to understand the changes on interfacial magnitudes during oral, gastric, and duodenal digestion, either applied separately or sequentially. Limitations of interfacial aspects and key factors that influence emulsion microstructure in bulk and lipid digestion are identified. Understanding the behavior of interfacial layers upon gastrointestinal digestion promotes an accurate tracking of the physiological fate of emulsions.
Keywords:Lipid digestion  Oil-water interfaces  Interfacial tension  Interfacial rheology  Emulsion  GI"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Gastrointestinal  FFA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"free fatty acid  OW"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"oil-water  AW"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"air–water  AFM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"atomic force microscopy  BLG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"β-lactoglobulin  BLG"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"β-casein  MCT"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"medium-chain-triglyceride  WPI"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"whey protein isolate  HSA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0130"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"human serum albumin  SPI"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0140"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"soy protein isolate  PL"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0150"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"pulsed light  CNCs"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0160"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"cellulose nanocrystals  BS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0170"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"bile salts  HPMC"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kwrd0180"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
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