Catalytic pyrolysis of Phragmites (reed): Investigation of its potential as a biomass feedstock |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq;2. College of Engineering, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq;1. Departamento de Física, CINVESTAV IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 7000 México D.F., Mexico;2. Instituto de Física, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 México D.F., Mexico;3. Programa de Doctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN 2508, México D.F., 07360, Mexico;4. Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, 09340 México D.F., Mexico;5. ESIME-Z, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ALM Zacatenco, 07738 México D.F., Mexico;1. College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China;2. College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, PR China;3. College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, PR China;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People׳s Republic of China;2. Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;1. Membrane Technology Group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 4AE Enschede, Netherlands;2. MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands;3. CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, Brno 61600, Czech Republic;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;2. College of Life Science and Agriculture, Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China;3. Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Centre, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100000, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, thermogravimetry, TG, and pyrolysis are used for the thermochemical evaluation of the common reed (Pragmites australis) as a candidate biomass feedstock. The TG analysis indicated that the material loses 4% of its weight below 150 °C through dehydration. The main decomposition reaction occurs between 200 and 390 °C. The rate of weight loss, represented by the derivative thermogravimetric, DTG, signal indicated a multi-step reaction. Kinetic analysis helped in the resolution of the temperature ranges of the overlapping steps. The first step corresponds to the degradation of the hemi-cellulosic fraction and the second to the cellulosic fraction degradation. The TG and DTG signals of reed samples treated with increasing concentration of potassium carbonate (0.6–10 wt%) indicated a catalytic effect of the salt on reed decomposition. The temperature of maximum weight loss rate, DTGmax, exponentially decreased with increasing catalyst content, whilst the initial temperature of the decomposition decreased linearly. The pyrolysis studies were carried out in a Pyrex vertical reactor with sintered glass disc to hold the sample and to aid the fluidization with the nitrogen stream flowing upwards. The reactor was connected to a cyclone and condenser and a gas sampling device. Tar and char are collected and weighed. The gas chromatographic analysis of the evolved gases demonstrated the effect of pyrolysis temperature (400, 450, and 500 °C) on their composition. The temperature increase favors the yields of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and hydrogen at the expense of methanol and carbon dioxide. Similarly, reed samples treated with K2CO3 at 10 wt% were pyrolyzed and analyzed. Comparisons for the various parameters (yields, gas composition and carbon–hydrogen recovery) between the untreated and catalyzed reed conversion were also made. |
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