Synthesis and characterization of electroactive ferrocene derivatives: ferrocenylimidazoquinazoline as a multichannel chemosensor selectively for Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions in an aqueous environment

The synthesis and characterization of ferrocene (Fc) derivatives 4-2,5-diferrocenyl-4-(4-pyridyl)imidazolidin-1-ylmethyl]pyridine (1), ferrocenylmethylenepyridin-3-ylmethylamine (2), N,N'-bis(ferrocenylmethylene)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine (3), and 6-ferrocenyl-5,6-dihydro4,5]imidazo1,2-c]quinazoline (4) have been described. Structures of 1, 2, and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. At 25 °C, 1-3 are nonfluorescent, while 4 displays moderate fluorescence and chromogenic, fluorogenic, and electrochemical sensing selectively toward Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) ions. Association constants (K(a)) for Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) have been determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand method. Job's plot analysis supported 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries for Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) ions. Cyclic voltammograms of 1-4 exhibited reversible waves corresponding to a ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. The wave associated with 4 (+0.0263 V) exhibited positive (ΔE(pa) = 0.136 V) and negative (ΔE(pa) = 0.025 V) shifts in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) ions, respectively. The mode of interaction between metal ions and 4 has been supported by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies and verified by theoretical studies. It presents the first report dealing with ferrocene-substituted quinazoline as a multichannel chemosensor for Hg(2+)/Pb(2+) ions.