Solid phase extraction and HPLC determination of veterinary pharmaceuticals in wastewater |
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Authors: | Babi? Sandra Asperger Danijela Mutavdzi? Dragana Horvat Alka J M Kastelan-Macan Marija |
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Institution: | Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Maruli?ev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. |
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Abstract: | This work focuses on the application of SPE-HPLC analysis of important veterinary pharmaceuticals from different classes in highly complex wastewater matrix. The pharmaceutical investigated included three sulfonamides (sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine and sulfaguanidine), a sulfonamide synergist (trimethoprim), a tetracycline (oxytetracycline), a fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacine) and a β-lactame (penicillin G/procaine). The method involves pre-concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB extraction catridges. Final analysis of the selected pharmaceutical compounds was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD). Recoveries were ranged from 68.3 to 97.9% with relative standard deviation below 8.4%. Only for sulfaguanidine low recovery was obtained. Limits of quantification were in the range 1.5-100 μg/L depending on pharmaceutical. The described method was applied to the determination of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples from pharmaceutical industry. |
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Keywords: | Pharmaceuticals Wastewater High-performance liquid chromatography Diode array detection Solid-phase extraction |
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