高比能超级电容器的研究进展

与传统蓄电池相比,超级电容器具有高功率密度、长循环寿命和使用温度范围宽等优势,但其能量密度较低.本文对超级电容器的结构、分类以及发展状况进行了简要介绍,重点阐述了本实验室近年来在研制高性能超级电容器方面的相关工作.主要从两个方面来提高超级电容器的能量密度:(1)通过采用中性水系电解液、有机电解液和离子液体提高对称型碳基超级电容器的电压窗口;(2)应用非对称型超级电容器,即一个电极采用具有法拉第赝电容电极材料或电池电极材料,而另一个电极则采用具有双电层电容的电极材料.同时介绍了由锂离子电池电极材料/活性炭作为正极,石墨作为负极组成的锂离子混合型超级电容器.最后,对超级电容器的发展方向进行了展望.

Research of supercapacitors with high energy density

Compared with traditional batteries, supercapacitors exhibit the high power density, long cycle life and wide operating temperature window. However, the relatively low energy density of supercapacitor still remains a challenge. In this paper, the structure, classification and development of supercapacitors are introduced, with an emphasis on recent work in high performance supercarpacitors of our group. The strategy for enhancement of energy density is to increase the voltage window of symmetric carbon-based supercapacitors using neutral, organic, and ionic liquid electrolytes, and adopt asymmetric supercapacitors in which one electrode is pseudocapacitive while the other utilizes double layer capacitance. Briefing is also presented on our recent investigation into hybrid supercapacitor with electrode material of lithium-ion battery/activated carbon as positive electrode, and graphite as negative electrode. This paper is ended by a perspective of future development of supercapacitors.