车用燃料电池现状与电催化

本文综述了近年来车用燃料电池电催化的发展状况，分析了车用燃料电池电催化的发展趋势，重点介绍了大连化学物理研究所在燃料电池电催化方面的研究进展．指出车用燃料电池电催化的发展方向是提高现有铂基催化剂的活性，在保证车用燃料电池在变载等动态工况下的可靠性与寿命的前提下，应降低膜电极的贵金属铂用量，发展低铂／非铂电催化剂．针对车用燃料电池的使用条件，应发展抗燃料气与空气中杂质的电催化方法与抗腐蚀催化剂载体．从长远考虑，重点发展碱性聚合物膜燃料电池，拓展利于活化顺磁性氧的催化方法，有望摆脱车用燃料电池对铂催化剂的依赖．

Current status of vehicle fuel cells and electrocatalysis

The overview of vehicle fuel cell electrocatalysis and the research trend of fuel cell electrocatalysis are given. The research progress at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics is introduced. Besides maintaining the fuel cell reliability and durability at dynamic loading condition, increasing the activity of Pt-based elecrtocatalysts and reducing platinum loading are the key issues for the vehicle fuel cells in the future. Degradation mechanism analysis and new strategies are helpful for eleetrocatalyst and catalyst support research. The development of new eleetrocatalysis methods to decrease the impact of contaminants in the fuel and air is very important for fuel cell vehicle application. For the long-term research, alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell and new catalysis which use the paramagnetic properties of oxygen will be promising for fuel cell vehicles to get rid of their dependence on platinum.