金属纳米结构的氧化刻蚀调控与催化性能优化

金属纳米结构的可控合成，对其性能优化和高效应用至为关键．氧化刻蚀作为金属纳米晶可控合成中的新兴有效调控手段之一，受到越来越多的关注．本文以本课题组近期的研究工作为例，说明了氧化刻蚀对金属纳米晶的形貌、尺寸、结构及组成等合成参数的有效调控作用．由此总结认为，在金属纳米晶可控合成的一般过程，尤其是成核和生长过程中，氧化刻蚀的本质是有效调控“两个速率”和“两个力学”，即减缓原子的生成速率与晶种的形成速率、选择性接受反应热力学和反应动力学的控制作用．我们将通过氧化刻蚀法调控合成得到的具有独特结构的Pd，Pt纳米晶，用于氧活化和电催化这两个重要的催化体系，获得了理想的催化结果，表明氧化刻蚀在金属纳米晶的功能改性和应用拓展方面，具有令人称奇的广阔应用前景．

Oxidative etching for controlled synthesis and tunable catalytic performance of metal nanostructures

Controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures is crucial for their performance optimization and efficient applications. Oxidative etching, as a new versatile tool for the controllable synthesis of metal nanocrystals, has received more and more attention. It is illustrated that oxidative etching can play an effective tuning role on the synthesis parameters of metal nanocrystals such as shape, size, structure and composition, based on our recent research work. Thus, it is further concluded that, in the general process of controllably synthesizing metal nanocrystals （particularly for the nucleation and growth stages）, the essential functions of oxidative etching are to regulate the ＂two rates＂ and ＂two mechanics＂, namely reducing the rates of the atomic formation and the seed formation, and acquiring an access to thermodynamic control or kinetic control. As a result, we have been able to demonstrate improvements in two important catalytic systems such as oxygen activation and electro-catalysis on the Pd and Pt nanocrystals with some unique structures, which were synthesized using oxidative etching, clearly indicating the broad prospects of oxidative etching for the performance optimization and application development of the metal nanocrystals.