斯德哥尔摩公约新增持久性有机污染物的一些研究进展

2009年5月瑞士日内瓦举行的斯德哥尔摩公约缔约方大会第四届会议(COP-4)决定将全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类、全氟辛基磺酰氟、商用五溴联苯醚、商用八溴联苯醚、开蓬、林丹, 五氯苯, α-六六六、β-六六六、六溴联苯等九种化学物质新增列入公约附件A、B或C的受控范围. 目前, 相关领域专家正在进行包括短链氯化石蜡(short chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs)、硫丹(Endosulfans)及六溴环十二烷(Hexabromocyclododecanes, HBCDs)等化学品的评估以决定是否在下次会上讨论并最终进入受控名单. 斯德哥尔摩公约新增持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs)是目前国际环境科学研究的热点领域, 同时其所引起的环境污染问题也是影响我国环境安全的一个重要因素. 随着公约新增持久性有机污染物审查工作的进展, 我国正面临履约及削减控制POPs的挑战. 对于新增POPs, 我国已陆续启动了相关的研究项目对其污染源解析、演变趋势、运移规律、生物累积及毒性效应等进行研究并取得了一定的成果. 本文拟介绍我国在新增POPs方面的部分研究进展并展望我国履约所面临的科研需求.

Research processes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) newly listed and candidate POPs in Stockholm Convention

The fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) held at the Geneva in May, 2009, has decided to place perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride, commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether, commercial octabromodiphenyl ether, chlordecone, lindane, pentachlorobenzene, alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, and hexabromobiphenyl into Annex A, B, or C of the convention. Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), Endosuflans and Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are other three groups of candidate POPs by Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) of the SC. The study about these POPs is the hotspot in the field and the environmental problems brought by these contaminants are also one of important factor that influencing the environmental safety in our country. With the process of the work by POPRC, our country is facing the challenge of POPs reduction/control and the SC implementation. Some research works about the source analysis, trends evolution, transport, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects of these emerging chemicals have begun and many works have been published in our country. In the present paper, we reviewed recent processes about these emerging chemicals in our country.