盐辅助-超生喷雾热分解法合成中空Bi2WO6纳米微球去除NO的应用

氮氧化物(简称NOx,包括NO和NO2等)是形成二次有机气溶胶的重要前体物,其存在会严重影响空气质量并危害人类健康.目前用于NOx的去除的方法主要有过滤、物理吸附、热催化等.然而,这些技术存在高能耗及产生二次污染等缺点,严重制约其实际应用.近年来,光催化技术作为一种有效处理NOx的环保技术,因其具备在常温下高效处理低浓度NOx(大气污染浓度水平)的优点而获得广泛关注.最近,Bi2WO6光催化剂因其独特的层状结构以及特有的催化性质,表现出良好的可见光催化性能.Bi2WO6光催化性能与催化剂的形貌及尺寸大小密切相关,目前报道的Bi2WO6的形貌有片状、颗粒状、花状、中空微球等.其中,由小纳米颗粒堆积成的中空Bi2WO6微球因其大的比表面积和高的荷质传输速率,表现出显著优于其它形貌的光催化性能.目前已有少量关于中空结构Bi2WO6微球的制备方法的报道,这些方法均需引入纳米球状的"核"作为模板,并在其上生长Bi2WO6胶体颗粒,然后去除"核",从而得到中空结构.譬如,Shang等采用碳纳米球作为"核"制备出Bi2WO6微球,再通过煅烧手段去除碳"核".Thillai与合作者用硅球作为"核",为了得到中空结构Bi2WO6微球,用NaOH将硅"核"刻蚀.然而这类方法均涉及到复杂的制备过程和高昂的运行成本.超生喷雾热分解法是一种常见的制备尺寸可控的纳米球的方法.在之前的工作中,本研究组成功使用超声喷雾热解法制备出具有优良光催化活性的Bi2WO6实心微球.我们首次加入NaCl盐为模板,使用简单的超声喷雾热分解方法制备出具有中空结构的Bi2WO6微球光催化剂,合成过程无需采用复杂的除"核"手段.一系列表征表明:该微球由直径为41?148 nm的纳米片自组装而成,并在表面形成了不均匀分布的孔结构;并对Bi2WO6中空微球的生长机制做了详细的研究,考察了所制备Bi2WO6催化剂去除NO的效率.生长机制研究结果表明,NaCl盐在中空Bi2WO6微球的形成过程中发挥着关键性作用:(1)NaCl盐溶液在超生喷雾热分解法的高温过程中形成NaCl单晶并作为"核"模板,参与中空Bi2WO6微球的形成;(2)Na+离子有助于Bi2WO6微球的微结构-纳米片的生长;(3)Cl?离子有利于Bi2WO6微球表面微孔的形成;(4)NaCl模板水洗后留下中空结构的Bi2WO6微球;(5)NaCl盐也充当着多孔诱发剂,其水洗溢出过程会造成Bi2WO6微球表面的孔结构.性能测试表明,以NaCl盐为模板所制备的中空Bi2WO6微球表现出优异的光催化性能,其在模拟太阳光下去除NO的效率是未添加模板的1.7倍、以KCl为模板的1.5倍、以Na2SO4为模板的1.2倍.BET和DRS分析表明,中空结构Bi2WO6微球具有大的比表面积和高的可见光吸收,对提高催化性能起到重要作用.ESR测试结果表明,?OH和?O2?是中空Bi2WO6微球的光催化反应过程的主要活性物种,?O2?的产生有助于提高光催化剂降解NO的耐受性.

Salt-assisted Synthesis of Hollow Bi2WO6 Microspheres with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for NO Removal

Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method using NaCl as a salt template. The asprepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41–148 nm and are dispersed with nonuniform pores on the template surface. By swapping the salt template with KCl or Na2SO4, different mor-phologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures. The specific growth mechanism of hollow minoncrospheres was studied in detail. The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatanonlytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation, which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template. This enhancement can be ascribed to the simnonultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible lightnonharvesting ability from the hollow structures. Electron spin resonance (ESR) results suggest that both radicals of?OH and?O2?are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample. The production of?O2?radicals offers better durability for NO removal.