以N,N'-二甲基乙二胺为模板剂合成磷酸硅铝分子筛DNL-6及其在催化中的应用

磷酸硅铝类分子筛由于其温和的酸性以及良好的热稳定性和水热稳定性在催化领域得到了广泛的应用.例如SAPO-34分子筛具有优异的催化甲醇制烯烃反应的催化活性,经过铜离子交换后的Cu-SAPO-34分子筛在选择性催化还原NOx过程中体现了良好的活性及稳定性.在磷酸硅铝分子筛的合成过程中往往需要使用有机胺或铵盐作为有机结构导向剂.导向剂起到了溶解原料、导向结构、匹配电荷、填充骨架空间等复杂的作用,因此开发新型的有机结构导向剂是调节磷酸硅铝分子筛晶相、形貌以及酸性位点分布的最重要的手段.DNL-6分子筛是由本课题组首次报道的具有RHO拓扑结构的磷酸硅铝分子筛,由于其丰富的酸位点以及适宜的孔口尺寸在CO2/CH4和CO2/N2吸附分离过程中体现出良好的应用前景.此外由于DNL-6分子筛具有非常强的酸性(接近H-ZSM-5),在DNL-6分子筛上首次发现MTO反应过程中的活性中间体七甲基苯基碳正离子.截止目前为止二乙胺是唯一被报道的成功导向DNL-6分子筛的有机胺模板剂,在水热合成过程中必须使用阳离子表面活性剂以防止DNL-6分子筛的溶解与转晶,同时产品的组成调节困难.本论文主要报道了一种新型的有机胺模板剂N,N'-二甲基乙二胺在水热条件下成功导向具有很高的结晶度与较高的硅含量范围(20%–35%)的DNL-6分子筛,对DNL-6产物进行X射线衍射、X射线荧光分析、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜以及氮气物理吸附等一系列系统表征.热重分析表明DNL-6分子筛α笼中较大的模板剂容纳量(单位α笼中容纳4.4个模板剂分子)是成功得到具有超高硅DNL-6分子筛(硅摩尔含量达36.4%)的原因.结合固体魔角旋转核磁(13C,29Si,27Al,31P以及多量子27Al)对分子筛骨架的原子配位环境的分析以及XPS表征表明超高硅DNL-6分子筛具有复杂的硅环境分布,晶粒外表面以酸密度很低的大面积硅岛为主,沿晶粒半径方向向晶体内部硅含量逐渐下降同时硅岛面积逐渐减小,晶粒中心的硅环境主要以Si(4Al)为主.由于超高硅DNL-6分子筛较强的酸强度、合适的酸位点分布以及狭窄的孔道尺寸在甲醇氨化反应中得到了超过88%的甲醇转化率以及85%的甲胺+二甲胺选择性.

Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve DNL-6: Synthesis with a novel template,N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine,and its catalytic application

DNL-6, a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve with RHO topology, was hydrothermally synthesized using a new structure-directing agent (SDA), N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption, which indicated that the synthesized DNL-6s have high crystallinity and relatively high Si content ranging from 20% to 35%. Solid-state magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C, ²⁹Si, ²⁷Al, ³¹P, and ²⁷Al multiple-quantum (MQ)) was conducted to investigate the status of the SDA and local atomic environment in the as-synthesized DNL-6. Thermal analysis revealed the presence of a large amount of amines in the DNL-6 crystals (about 4.4 SDAs per α-cage), which was the reason for the formation of DNL-6 with an ultrahigh Si content (36.4% Si per mole). Interestingly, DNL-6 exhibited excellent catalytic performance for methanol amination. More than 88% methanol conversion and 85% methylamine plus dimethylamine selectivity could be achieved due to the combined contribution of strong acid sites, suitable acid distribution, and narrow pore dimensions of DNL-6.