Electrical properties study of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/hybrid-glass nanocomposites

Electrical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/hybrid-glass nanocomposites prepared by the fast-sol–gel reaction were investigated in light of percolation theory. A good correlation was found between the experimental results and the theory. We obtained a percolation threshold ? _c  = 0.22 wt%, and a critical exponent of t = 1.73. These values are reported for the first time for a silica-based system. The highest conductivity measured on the MWNT/hybrid-glass nanocomposites was σ ≈ 10^?3(Ω cm)^?1 for 2 wt% carbon nanotube (CNT) loading. The electrical conductivity was at least 12 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure silica. Electrostatic force microscopy and conductive-mode atomic force microscopy studies demonstrated conductivity at the micro-level, which was attributed to the CNT dispersed in the matrix. It appears that the dispersion in our MWNT/hybrid-glass system yields a particularly low percolation threshold compared with that of a MWNT/silica-glass system. Materials with electrical conductivities described in this work can be exploited for anti-static coating.