One-Pot Reactions with Sol-Gel Entrapped Catalysts, Acids and Bases

Silica sol-gel entrapped acids, bases and organometallic catalysts are used successfully in one-pot reactions without interfering with each other. Both physically and covalently entrapped acids and bases were employed in these processes, including polystyrene sulfonic acid, 1-propane sulfonic acid, molybdosilicic acid (SiO₂-MoO₃), poly(vinylbenzyltrimethyl)ammonium] hydroxide and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo4.4.0]decene. The entrapped metal-based catalysts are Rh₂Co₂(CO)₁₂ and RuCl₂(PPh₃)₃. The one-pot reactions carried out with these heterogenized reagents and catalysts include formation of alkenes under acidic and basic conditions, C—C bond formation by condensation reactions with an -carbon to a carbonyl, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.