基于单颗粒黑碳光度计(SP2)方法的青藏高原冰芯黑碳记录研究

青藏高原冰川蕴含了丰富的历史环境变化信息。通过青藏高原冰芯钻取及环境指标分析,可在季节至万年时间尺度上重建高分辨率环境变化历史。黑碳气溶胶来源于生物和化石燃料燃烧排放,对光具有强烈的吸收作用,是气候环境变化的敏感因子之一。准确测量冰芯中的黑碳粒子浓度,是恢复其排放历史、评估其气候环境效应的必要手段。单颗粒黑碳光度计(Single Particle Soot Photometer,SP2)是近些年发展起来的用于雪冰样品中黑碳测量的主要方法之一,能够获得准确的黑碳浓度信息。近10年来,实验室开展了大量的冰芯黑碳样品测量,本文从野外冰芯钻取、样品前处理、仪器原理及测试、黑碳数据处理等全过程对SP2在青藏高原冰芯黑碳研究中的应用与问题进行了全面系统的阐述。同时,将SP2与热光学(thermal-optical method)等测试方法进行对比,强调了SP2对冰芯黑碳样品研究的可靠性,并对未来黑碳研究的进一步发展做出了展望。

The Study of Black Carbon in Ice Cores of Tibetan Plateau Based on Single Particle Soot Photometer(SP2)

Glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contain abundant information about climate and environmental changes in the past. Ice cores retrieved from TP provide an opportunity to construct the changes of the climate and environment on the time scale from seasons to thousands of years. Black carbon, emitted from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustions, can strongly absorb solar radiation which is one of the sensitive factors of climate change. Accurate measurements of black carbon particle concentrations in ice cores are necessary to recover their emission history and to assess their climate-environmental effects. In recent years, Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) is one of the main methods developed for measuring black carbon concentration in snow and ice samples, which can obtain more accurate information. Based on a large number of ice core black carbon samples tested in our laboratory in recent years, this paper systematically expounds the application and problems of SP2 in measuring black carbon,including ice core drilling in the field, sample pretreatment, instrument principle,sample testing, and black carbon data processing, etc. At the same time, by comparing SP2 with other black carbon measurement methods, we emphasize the reliability of SP2 in the study of ice core black carbon samples is emphasized and the future development of black carbon research is prospected.