河南麦区收割对大气颗粒物及其组分特征排放的影响

农业收割期间排放的颗粒物是农忙期影响大气气溶胶组成的主要来源,因此明确农业收割期间排放的大气颗粒物排放特征具有重要意义。本实验立足河南省新乡市集约化农田实验基地,开展冬小麦区农业收割期间的大气颗粒物及其组分排放特征实验。结果表明收割期间的PMcoarse比其它时期高8.20%,农业站点收割时期的PMcoarse比其它时期高了72.22%,明确了其颗粒物污染特征为仅PM₁₀升高,而非PM₁₀和PM_2.5同时升高,同时PM₁₀的升高非PM_2.5升高引起的；含量最高的前5种元素是Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg；收割期间,Fe的特征比值最高为0.79；Ca₂₊^和K₊^{离子百分含量在}PMcoarse中占比最高；特征值为0.81和0.78。综合水溶性离子和元素结果,Ca₂₊^、K₊^、Fe浓度协同变化可作为小麦收割过程颗粒物对大气污染影响的指纹识别,以区别于其他污染类型；便于大气污染防治行政主管部门有针对性的查污、防污、治污,提高人民群众生活环境的空气质量。

Effects of Harvesting on Particulate Matter and Its Component Characteristics in Henan Wheat Region

Particulate matter emitted during agricultural harvesting is the main source affecting the composition of atmospheric aerosols during the agricultural season, so it is important to clarify the emission characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter emitted during agricultural harvesting. This experiment is based on the experimental base of intensive farmland in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, to carry out an experiment on the emission characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and its components during agricultural harvesting in the winter wheat area. The results showed that PMcoarse during harvesting was 8.20% higher than other periods, and PMcoarse during harvesting at the agricultural site was 72.22% higher than other periods, clarifying that its particulate pollution was characterised by an elevation of PM10 only rather than a simultaneous elevation of PM10 and PM2.5, and also that the elevation of PM10 was not caused by an elevation of PM2.5; The top five most abundant elements were Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Mg; Fe had the highest eigen-ratio of 0.79 during the harvest; Ca2+ and K+ ion percentages were the highest in PMcoarse; eigenvalues were 0.81 and 0.78. Combining the results of water-soluble ions and elements, the synergistic changes in the concentrations of Ca2+, K+, and Fe can be used as a fingerprint to identify the impact of particulate matter on air pollution during wheat harvesting in order to differentiate it from other types of pollution; it facilitates the administrative authorities in charge of air pollution prevention and control to investigate, prevent, and treat pollution in a targeted manner, so as to improve the air quality of the living environment of the people.