基于大科学装置的空间金属组学和单细胞/单颗粒金属组学

金属组学是综合研究生命体内（(特别是细胞内）)自由或络合的全部金属原子的分布、含量、化学种态及其功能的一门学科，而大科学装置为金属组学研究提供了强有力的工具。本综述本文首先介绍了金属组学发展简史，然后介绍了基于大科学装置的同步辐射技术、中子技术、质子技术及缪子技术等，最后概述了基于大科学装置的空间金属组学、单细胞/单颗粒金属组学的应用示例。基于大科学装置的中子活化技术（NAA）NAA、X-射线荧光光谱（XRF）以及质子激发X射线谱（PIXE ）等技术是开展非原位空间金属组学研究的有力手段，而XRF、PIXE以及缪子X射线荧光谱（MXA）为开展原位空间金属组学提供了有力工具，特别是基于XRF的技术，其空间分辨率可低至10 nm级别，是开展原位单细胞/单颗粒金属组学的利器。 新一代同步辐射光源、质子源及缪子源将为空间金属组学、特别是时空金属组学研究提供更强有力工具。

Large Research Infrastructures based spatial metallomics and single-cell/single particle metallomics

Metallomics is the systematic study of metallome and the interactions and functional connections of metal ions and their species with genes, proteins, metabolites and other biomolecules within organisms and ecosystems. Large research infrastructures can provide cutting-edge techniques for metallomics. In this review paper, the development of metallomics was first briefly presented. Then, the large research infrastructures based synchrotron radiation, neutron, proton and muonic techniques were introduced. Finally, the application of large research facility-based techniques in spatial metallomics, single-cell/single-particle metallomics was summarized. It is noticed that neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) can be applied in ex situ spatial metallomics while XRF, PIXE and muonic X-ray analysis (MXA) are well-suitable for in situ spatial metallomics. The XRF with spatial resolution down to 10 nm is capable for single-cell/single-particle metallomics. The new generation of synchrotron radiation sources, proton sources and muonic sources will provide more novel tools for metallomics, especially the spatiotemporal metallomics.