Ni-Fe/蒙脱土催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Ni-Fe/蒙脱土(MMT)催化剂,并应用于乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应(ESR)。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附脱附分析和H_2-程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)表征手段对催化剂的物理化学性质、还原性能、碳沉积等进行了研究。结果表明,Ni-Fe/MMT催化剂中,Ni、Fe高度分散在载体MMT层间及表面,而且Fe的加入降低了Ni颗粒的粒径,增强了Ni~(2+)与载体的相互作用力。以10Ni5Fe/MMT为催化剂,在反应温度为500℃、水醇比为3∶1、空速为12 h~(-1),反应进行30 h后,乙醇转化率为100%,氢气选择性仍保持72%,副产物CO和CH_4含量明显降低。这是因为催化助剂Fe的引入,一方面,提高了Ni的分散度,使得ESR低温活性较好;另一方面,减小了Ni颗粒粒径,小颗粒的Ni有利于抑制甲烷的生成,并且Fe的加入加强了甲烷重整和水煤气变换反应,提高产物中氢气的选择性。

Montmorillonite supported Ni-Fe catalysts for hydrogen production from steam reforming of ethanol

Ni-Fe/montmorillonite(MMT) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method for hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, H₂-TPR, and N₂ adsorption-desorption. It was found that Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher activities and stability than single metallic catalysts due to the well dispersed Ni-Fe, small nickel crystallites and stronger interaction between Ni²⁺ and carrier. The conversion and selectivity were affected by the ratio of Ni to Fe. The 10Ni5Fe/MMT catalyst showed the optimum catalytic performance, its ethanol conversion was 100%, the selectivity of hydrogen gas remained at 72%, and selectivity of CO and CH₄ were significantly decreased at 500℃ during 30h testing. This could be attributed to the promoter Fe, which improves the dispersion of Ni and results in a good ESR activity at low reaction temperature. Small Ni particles can suppress methane formation and Fe addition can enhance the methane reforming with water and water gas shift reaction, resulting in higher selectivity of hydrogen.